-NRLF 


EbO    575 


S    F 

746 

C65 

1868 

BIOS 


CO 


o 


JVo 


University  of  California. 


+  IITT 


d  <w. 


77  cpm 

CT7(o 


MBKARY 

NIVER8ITV  OF 

CAUFOUMA. 


HOMCEOPATHY  ; 


TREATING   OF 


Horses,  Cattle,  Sheep,  Hogs  and  Dogs, 


AND   THEIR 


SPECIFIC    HOMCEOPATHIC    TKEATMENT. 


Showing  Ventilation,  Precautions  to  be  observed  in  Buying 
a  Horse ;  How  to  tell  the  age  of  a  Horse,  etc. ,  with  an 
Essay  on  the  Stallion,  and  the  Law  of  Trans- 
mission and  Progeny  Explained. 


BY    ^.    in.    COOIPER, 

VETERINARY    SURGEON, 
No  815  Market  Street ,  San  Francisco. 


CUBEEY  AND  COMPANY,    BOOK  AND  JOB   PRINTERS, 
536  MARKET  STREET,  OPPOSITE  SECOND. 

i  868  . 


LIBRARY 


CALIFOHNIA. 


PREFACE. 


The  plan  of  this  little  book  is  intended  to  be 
precisely  such  as  the  author  conceived  to  be 
wanted  by  the  public.  Such  a  manual  as  this' 
has  long  been  wanted,  and  the  stiring  interest  of 
the  theme,  leaving  out  of  view  its  importance, 
should  recommend  it  as  likely  to  prove  a  welcome 
and  animating  addition  to  the  study  of  veterinary 
practice.  And  yet,  to  remove  long  standing  prej  u 
dices,  the  author  is  well  aware  is  a  difficult  task  . 
still  he  ventures  to  hope  that  a  careful  perusal  of 
these  few  pages  will  excite  in  some  degree  the 
feelings  of  humanity,  in  respect  to  the  many  suf- 
ferings to  which  the  generous  animal  is  frequently 
liable  from  unmerited  cruelty  and  injudicious 
treatment,  and  that  mankind  may  be  induced  to 
view  his  sufferings  with  an  eye  of  sympathy  and 
tenderness,  and  have  recourse  to  a  humane  mode 
of  treatment  when  accident  or  disease  may  re- 
require  it. 

As  an  eminent  writer  has  truly  said.  "  The 
world  owes  much  to  homoeopathy  —  more,  proba- 
bly, than  has  ever  been  told,  or  will  ever  be 


PREFACE- 


known.  It  is  something  to  bo  emancipated  from 
drugs,  from  lancets,  leeches,  blisters  and  poisons  ; 
but  it*  is  more,  to  be  relieved  from  the  fear  of 
them,  and  to  be  restored  and  preserved  by  forces 
mild  as  love,  and  gentle  as  the  dews  of  heaven — 
forces  unknown  and  unrevealed,  until  elicited  by 
the  genius  of  this  system. 

But  these  benefits  are  not  confined  to  the  hu- 
man species.  Animals  may  enjoy  them  as  well ; 
and  Heaven  knows  how  much  they  need  them. 
For  to  them  the  day  of  sickness  is  not  merely  the 
day  of  doom,  but  of  suffering  and  of  torture  as 
well.  Ignorance  and  cruelty  seem  to  have  con- 
trolled this  branch  of  medicine — not  that  men  are 
of  necessity  careless  in  regard  to  the  lives  of  their 
animals,  or  designedly  cruel  as  to  the  measures 
used  to  restore  them  when  sick  ;  but  so  little  real 
knowledge  prevails  concerning  their  diseases,  and 
so  much  error  as  to  the  proper  method  of  cure, 
that  fatality  and  the  most  absurd  and  cruel  meas- 
ures almost  of  necessity  prevail.  Some  judicious 
stock  owners,  taught  by  experience  the  fatality  of 
the  common  methods  of  treatment,  notwithstand- 
ing the  torture  and  expense,  have  more  humanely, 
if  not  more  wisely,  abandoned  all  treatment,  pre- 
ferring to  let  nature  contend  with  disease  alone, 
rather  than  with  disease  and  drugs  united.  But, 
thanks  to  Homeopathy,  there  is  a  better  way. 

For  many  years  past,  Homoeopathy  has  been 
applied  to  the  diseases  of  all  domestic  animals  in 


PREFACE. 


Europe,  with  the  most  brilliant  success.  In 
America  and  the  British  Isles,  within  the  past  few 
yours,  not  only  have  individual  practitioners  ap- 
plied its  remedies  with  equal  success,  but  some 
large  veterinary  institutions,  and  most  of  our 
principal  equestrian  troops  and  menageries,  em- 
ploy it  exclusively  in  all  diseases  of  their  horses, 
experience  having  shown  them  its  great  value 
and  curative  power,  and  its  immense  superiority 
over  every  other  method.  But  the  inherent  intri- 
cacies of  the  system  rendered  its  general  intro- 
duction for  the  cure  of  animals  impossible ;  and 
though,  in  the  hands  of  some  practitioners  and 
veterinary  surgeons,  it  worked  wonders  enough  to 
show  its  astonishing  capacities,  yet  to  the  masses 
it  has  remained  a  sealed  book. 

The  collection  of  materials  for  this  work,  by 
obtaining  practical  and  authentic  information  for 
the  friends  of  Hornceopathy  who  have  sought  and 
found  relief  for  their  suffering  animals  that  have 
been  afflicted  with  disease,  has  involved  the  labor 
of  some  years.  The  benefit  derived  from  this 
mode  of  treatment  is  known  to  many,  and  to 
those  who  look  into  it  with  an  unprejudiced  eye, 
it  grows  upon  the  attention  like  the  increasing 
attraction  of  a  marvelous  tale  ;  and  the  affects  are, 
in  fact,  as  strange  and  as  full  of  wonders  as  the 
fabulous  gardens  in  the  "  Arabian  Nights  Enter 
tainments;"  but  if  one  half,  or  one  fiftieth,  or 
one  hundredth  part  of  the  statements  in  its  favor 


6  PREFACE. 


be  true,  (and  there  is  not  the  slightest  reason  to 
question  any  of  them),  measures  ought  to  be 
taken  to  have  it  generally  introduced  among  us 
with  as  little  delay  as  possible.  The  medical  and 
general  public  would  then  see,  that  there  is 
"something  new  under  heaven,  and  that  there 
may  be  more  things  betwixt  it  and  earth  than  are 
dreamed  of  in  our  philosophy.  Simple  remedies 
do  not  suit  this  luxurious  generation,  that  longs 
for  what  is  elaborate  and  costly.  What  is  homce- 
pathy  V  May  be  the  question  asked  after  reading 
the  title.  The  answer  is,  a  sytem  of  curing  all 
curable  diseases  incident  to  the  human  or  animal 
framt*  by  the  agency  of  small  doses  of  medicine, 
that  when  taken  in  bulk,  will  produce  symptoms 
similar  to  disease.  Such  an  allegation  is  startling 
enough,  and  was  received  at  first  with  much  dis- 
trust, living,  as  we  do,  in  an  age  so  fertile  of  im- 
posture, pretensions  and  mysticism.  Those  who 
have  taken  pains  to  look  into  this  system  of  prac- 
tice, would  deem  themselves  negligent  in  their 
duty  did  they  not  invite  public  attention  to  the 
subject.  The  faculty,  of  course,  have  treated  this 
discovery  with  derision,  but  when  the  world  shall 
throw  away  all  prejudice  and  all  jealousy,  they 
will  find  the  principle  to  be  founded  on  a  rock. 
It  may  be  convenint  to  quench  a  power  that  can- 
not be  controlled  by  clear,  cool,  impartial  discus- 


LIBRARY 


TTNI  VEK81T 


CALIFORNIA,  „ 


HOMCEOPATHY. 


Samuel  Hahnemann,  the  discoverer  of  this  sys- 
tem of  medicine,  was  born  at  Meissen,  in  Saxony  ; 
and  like  Harvey,  Jenner,  and  many  other  celebra- 
ted benefactors  of  their  age  who  have  introduced 
invaluable  discoveries,  and  conferred  invaluable 
benefits  to  mankind,  was  persecuted  to  the  ut- 
most degree.  He  conceived  that  medicine,  al- 
though apparently  highly  scientific  in  its  theories, 
was  in  practice  little  more  than  an  empirical  and 
routine  application  of  remedial  measures,  of  which 
we  know  neither  the  certain  effects,  nor  the  laws 
which  determine  their  choice.  In  1790,  whilst 
engaged  in  translating  the  Materia  Medica  of  Dr. 
Cullen,  his  attention  was  called  to  the  properties 
that  physicians  attributed  to  bark,  and  he  was 
induced  to  try  the  affects  of  that  substance  upon 
himself.  He  was  in  good  health  at  the  time,  and 
to  his  astonishment,  found  that  repeated  large 
doses  of  that  drug  produced  on  him  febrile  symp- 
toms, bearing  great  resemblance  to  those  of  ague. 
As  bark  had  long  been  known  as  a  specific  for  the 
cure  of  ague,  his  penetrating  mind  suspected  that 
something  more  than  accident  had  caused  that 
medicine  to  produce  symptoms  so  nearly  resem- 
bling those  of  the  disease  which  it  cures;  and 
from  this  artificial  febrile  attack  may  be  dated  the 
origin  of  Homoeopathy.  *He  consulted  all  authors 

^British  Journal  of  Homoeopathy. 


HOMOEOPATHY. 


of  reputation  on  Materia  Medica,  and  in  that 
thoroughly  scientific  work,  the  Organon  of  medi- 
cine, published  in  Dresden  in  1810,  under  the  title 
of  "  Organon  of  the  -Rational  Art  of  Healing,/  he 
gives  from  page  57  to  108,  the  statements  of  Allo- 
pathic authors,  where  patients  have  been  cured 
solely,  although  without  the  knowledge  of  the 
physician,  by  means  of  a  homoeopathic  medicine 
which  possessed  the  power  of  producing  a  similar 
morbid  state.  "  To  affect/'  says  Hahneman,  "  a 
mild,  rapid,  certain  and  permanent  cure,  choose 
in  every  case  of  disease,  a  medicine  which  can 
itself  produce  an  affection  similar  to  that  sought 
to  be  cured  " 

When  Hahnemann  first  made  known  to  the 
world  his  therapeutical  views,  physicians  were 
induced  to  represent  him  as  mad,  and  his  ideas  as 
the  offspring  of  a  disordered  imagination,  so  diffi- 
cult was  it  for  them  to  conceive  that  acute  mala- 
dies could  be  cured  without  bleeding,  emetics, 
cathartics,  sudorifics,  counter-irritants,  &c.,  &c.; 
thus  homoeopathy  has  been  kept  back,  not  by  ar- 
guments, but  by  impudent  sneers  or  selfish  ridi- 
cule. In  like  manner,  Fulton,  when  he  first 
announced  to  his  countrymen  the  power  of  steam, 
was  declared  by  his  nearest  friends,  insane.  Har- 
vey, the  discoverer  of  the  circulation  of  the  blood, 
was  bitterly  attacked,  pronounced  a  reckless  inno- 
vator, and  unworthy  of  public  confidence  as  a 
practitioner.  Columbus,  Newton,  Locke,  and 
their  doctrines  were  ridiculed,  misrepresented, 
and  condemned,  till  time  placed  the  names  of 
these  eminent  persons  on  the  roll  of  fame ;  their 
discoveries  have  been  allowed  by  kind  Providence 
to  remain  to  benefit  the  world,  and  the  public  are 
fast  rendering  the  same  justice  to  Hahnemann, 
the  founder  of  this  grand  system. 


HOMOEOPATHY. 


The  first  law  of  Homoeopathy  is,  that  when  a 
correct  image  of  the  disease  has  been  obtained,  a 
medicine  must  be  selected  which  will  affect  a 
healthy  person  in  a  manner  as  similarly  as  possi- 
ble ;  that  is,  one  that  will  excite  in  him  symptoms 
very  similar  to  those  presented  by  the  disease  to 
be  treated.  The  second  law  is,  only  to  give  a 
single  article  at  a  time,  but  where  one  medicine  is 
not  sufficient  for  the  complete  cure  of  a  disease, 
after  allowing  full  time  for  the  action  of  the  first 
remedy,  another  suitable  one,  nearest  in  analogy 
to  the  existing  state  of  the  disease  must  be  given, 
followed  by  a  third,  if  the  patient  be  not  fully  re- 
lieved :  and  so  on,  till  the  last  traces  of  the  indis- 
position be  obliterated.  Homoeopathy  goes  to 
work  in  tracing  out  diseases,  and  is  of  opinion 
that  the  invisible  morbid  changes  in  the  interior, 
and  the  outward  changes  of  the  state  of  health 
visible  to  our  senses,  constitute  that  which  we 
call  disease,  and  thus  it  selects  a  remedy  indica- 
ted by  the  whole  of  the  symptoms  which  will,  by 
removing  these  outward  and  perceptible  symp- 
toms of  the  disease,  extinguish  and  destroy  the 
internal  changes.  A  third  rule,  which  although 
it  is  not  a  law,  is  nevertheless  inseparable  from  it, 
is  that  of  the  dose  of  the  medicine  to  be  admin- 
istered. 

When  Hahnemann  first   made    his  "discovery, 
small  doses  did  not  form  part  of  his  system.     In 
!   the  early  part  of  his  career  he  made  use  of  the 
j   pure  mother  tincture  in  ordinary  doses,  but  he  ob- 
served that  they  were  too  active,  and  that  there 
usually  occurred  an  augmentation  of  the  symp- 
toms.    This  induced  him  to  reduce' his  doses  until 
he  came  to  make  use  of  attenuations  and  dilutions ; 
and  he  found  that  when  the  medicines  were  pro- 
perly prepared,  they  still  had  their  specific  action, 


10  HOMOEOPATHY. 

and  that  disease  was  more  speedily  removed 
than  when  stronger  preparations  were  employed. 
The  great  point  with  Hahnemann  was  to  select  a 
medicine  homoeopathic  to  the  symptoms  of  the 
disease,  and  then  to  administer  just  strength 
enough  of  it  to  effect  his  object  in  the  safest  man- 
ner. It  matters  not  with  regard  to  the  homoeo- 
pathic law,  whether  this  or  that  strength  is 
employed,  provided  the  remedy  is  homoeopathic  to 
the  disease,  and  exactly  the  requisite  impression 
is  produced  upon  the  affected  parts.  The  only 
strength  to  be  decided  is,  which  strength  cures 
most  safely  and  quickly  ;  and  if  facts  prove,  as  all 
homceopathists  believe,  that  a  preparation  weaker 
than  the  tincture  is  the  most  safe  and  efficient, 
then  it  is  our  duty  to  give  these  preparations  the 
preference.  The  size  of  the  dose,  although  inde- 
pendent in  theory  of  the  law  of  similarities,  is 
nevertheless,  a  natural  practical  consequence 
which  cannot  be  separated  from  the  curative  prin- 
ciple of  Homoeopathy.  Hahnemann  found  this 
minute  division  of  medical  substances  by  tritura- 
tion  and  shaking,  instead  of  decreasing,  increased 
their  properties  in  an  extraordinary  manner ;  and 
substances  which  were  considered  inert,  such  as 
charcoal,  lycopodium,  etc,  became  active  agents 
when  prepared  as  he  pointed  out.  Like  caloric, 
electricity  and  magnetism,  the  strength  remains 
latent  in  the.  crude  state  of  the  substance,  and  can 
only  be  developed  by  the  important  agency  of 
heat  friction  or  trituratipn.  These  small  doses, 
if  well  chosen,  effect  the  seat  of  the  complaint 
almost  exclusively,  because  in  disease,  the  suscep- 
tibility of  the  affected  parts  to  the  action  of  the 
remedies,  is  vastly  greater  than  in  the  same  parts 
in  a  state  of  health ;  they  possess  a  preternatur- 
ally  acute  sensibility  to  be  strongly  affected  by 


HOMCEOPATHY.  11 


any  substance  having  the  property  of  producing  a 
like  irritation  ;  thus  the  scalded  hand  is  pained  by 
a  distant  fire,  the  inflamed  skin  by  the  slightest 
touch,  the  inflamed  eye  to  light.  Medicine  is  the 
small  guiding  force,  nature  the  strong  impelling 
force.  '*  Nature,"  says  Dr.  Andrew  Combe,  "  is 
truly  the  agent  in  the  cure  of  disease,  and  as  she 
acts  in  accordance  with  fixed  and  invariable  laws, 
the  aim  of  the  physician  ought  always  to  be  to 
facilitate  her  efforts,  by  acting  in  harmony  with, 
and  not  in  opposition  to  those  laws.  Nature  may 
be  aided,  but  she  ought  never  to  be  thwarted ;  and 
medicine  will  advance  toward  the  certainty  of 
other  sciences,  only  in  proportion  as  we  become 
fillled  with  this  guiding  principle  " 

We  flatter  ourselves  that  for  simplicity,  com- 
pleteness and  reliability,  this  little  box  and  case  of 
medicines  will  commend  itself  to  the  judgment  of 
a  discerning  public. 


(  LIBRARY 

'(  UNIVERSITY  OF 

CALIFORNIA. 


INTRODUCTION. 


PROPER  and  enlightened  attention  to  the  want* 
of  domestic  animals,  is  not  only  a  sentiment  o 
humanity,  but  a  dictate  of  economy.  To  know  ai 
least  in  good  part  what  is  the  particular  ailmen1 
of  an  animal,  and  to  know  also  how  to  relieve  it 
would  seem  to  be  a  necessary  obligation  to  owner 
ship.  The  least  we  can  return  to  the  many  faith 
fill  animals  given  us,  is  to  provide  for  their  reason 
able  wants,  not  only  in  health,  but  also  in  sickness 
and  disease  Not  *  that  every  man  who  owns  f 
horse  should  be  a  veterinary  surgeon  ;  and  yet  the 
way  is  so  simple  that  any  intelligent  person,  bj 
the  aid  of  this  little  manual  and  case  of  niedi 
cines,  may  readily  cure  a  large  proportion,  nay 
almost  every  disease  to  which  his  animals  are  ex 
posed,  and  yet  bestow  upon  the  subject  but  litth 
attention. 

Among  the  many  blessings  which  Homoeopath} 
has  conferred  upon  the  world,  not  among  the  leasl 
is  the  immense  improvement  which  it  has  effectec 
in  the  treatment  of  the  diseases  of  domestic  ani 
mals.  With  but  little  variation,  to  meet  theii 


INTRODUCTION.  13 

peculiar  habits  and  susceptibilities,  the  same 
remedies  that  have  been  so  efficient  in  mitigating 
and  curing  the  diseases  of  men,  women  and  chil- 
dren, have  been  found  equally  successful  in  arrest- 
ing the  diseases  to  which  all  classes  of  domestic 
animals  are  liable.  The  contrast  is  even  greater. 
Probably  from  the  fact  that  the  treatment  of  sick 
animals  has  been  but  little  understood,  and  in- 
trusted to  the  hands  mainly  of  ignorant  persons, 
who  have  pursued  the  most  crude,  cruel  and  des- 
tructive measures,  often  for  more  dangerous  and 
life-destroying  than  the  disease  itself,  a  large  pro- 
portion of  the  sick  have  died  or  been  tortured  to 
death.  But  when  the  same  diseases  are  subjected 
to  the  mild  and  benign  influence  of  intelligent 
Homcepathic  treatment,  it  is  found  that  almost 
every  disease  among  them  is  within  its  control, 
even  the  most  fatal  yielding  to  its  magic  influences. 

Although  at  first  sight  it  may  seem  strange, 
that  animals  should  be  successfully  treated  by  the 
mild  and  apparently  insignificant  doses  of  Homoe- 
opathy, yet  a  moment's  reflection  will  suffice  to 
give  many  reasons  why  this  should  be  so.  Even 
were  it  not  susceptible  of  explanation,  experience 
has  abundantly  demonstrated  the  fact  that,  ani- 
mals are,  if  possible,  even  more  susceptible  to 
Homoepathic  treatment  than  men,  and  its  success 
in  their  case  is  even  more  striking  and  brilliant. 

This  may  be,  perhaps,  attributed  to  their  more 
regular  habits,  confinement  to  the  same  food  and 
driniv,  absence  of  excitement,  and  freedom  from 
the  many  articles  of  food  and  drink  in  use  among 
the  human  species,  which  are  all  more  or  less 
medicinal. 

Owing  to  these  circumstances,  animals  are  very 
impressible,  and  the  doses  for  them  need  not  be 
much  larger  than  for  the  human  species.  It 


14  INTRODUCTION. 


seems  to  be  a  law  of  nature,  that  the  more  deli- 
cate the  organism,  the  more  subject  to  disease. 
Wild  animals  are  almost  entirely  exempt,  while 
the  highly  artificial  lives  of  some  Domestic  ani- 
mals render  them  subject  to  numerous  ailments 
and  to  some  very  formidable  diseases.  Yet,  as  a 
whole,  animals  are  far  less  subject  to  disease  than 
men,  and  far  more  amenable  to  run-. 

The  treatment  of  Domestic  animals  with  Specific 
Honwopathic  Remedies,  has  numerous  advantages. 
The  medicines  are  given  at  once  and  without 
trouble  or  annoyance,  even  without  taking  a 
horse  from  his  team,  or  a  cow  from  her  stall. 
They  produce  no  poisonous  or  prostrating  effect, 
so  that  the  animal  rallies  at  once,  and  without 
loss  or  deterioration  of  value.  Animals  recover 
much  sooner,  and  hence  are  able  to  resume  work 
much  earlier  after  sickness,  than  under  any  other 
system.  But  more  than  all,  it  is  far  more  suc- 
cessful. Slighter  diseases  yield  at  once,  and  often 
from  a  single  dose,  while  the  most  formidable 
cases  of  Pleuro-Pneumonia,  or  founder,  in  horses, 
and  Lung  Murrain  and  Milk  Fever  in  cows,  cases 
that  are  almost  absolutely  incurable  under  the 
old  treatment,  even  when  well  conducted,  promptly 
respond  to  the  curative  influence  of  Specific  Hom- 
oeopathic Remedies,  while  it  is  well  known  that 
even  when  animals  recover  under  the  old  system, 
such  have  been  the  ravages  of  disease  and  medi- 
cine, that  their  value  and  usefulness  are  generally 
destroyed. 


MENTIONED  IN  THIS  MANUAL, 
AND  THE  RANGE  OF  ACT'ON  ADAPTED  TO  EACH. 


1.  For  Fevers,  Inflamations  and"  Congestions  of 
all   kinds  ;   Inflamation  of  the   Lungs,  Pleura  or 
Chest,  Brain,  Eyes,  Throat,  Liver  or  Belly,  Quinsy 
or  Sore  Throat,  Congestion  to  the  Head,  Staggers, 
Convulsions,  Evil  Results  of  Fright  or  Fear.     All 
diseases  attended  with  heat,  hot  skin,  quick  pulse, 
great  excitement  or  pain. 

2.  For  all  affections  of  the  Tendons,  Ligaments 
and   Joints,   Spavin,    Founder,   Strains,   Injuries, 
Curb,  Splint,  Stifle,  Rheumatism,  Results  of  Ex- 
cessive Work  or  Fatigue. 

8.  For  Distemper,  Farcy,  Glanders,  Nasal  Gleet, 
Strangles,  Nasal  Discharges,  Swelled  Glands,  Scab 
and  Rot  in  Sheep. 

4.  For  Worms,   Bots  or  Grubs,   Long,  Round, 
Pin   or   Tape   Worms,  Colic,  Marasmus  or  other 
disease  from  Worms. 

5.  For  all  Diseases  of  the  Air  Passages,  Coughs, 
Influenza,  Heaves,  Broken  Wind,  Whistle,  Thick 
Wind,  Inflamed  Lungs,  Labored,  Difficult  Breath- 
ing. 


16     LIST  OF  SPECIFICS  AND  REMEDIES. 

6.  For  Colic,  Gripes,  Belly  Ache,  Hoven  or  Wind 
Blown,   Diarrhea  or  Dysentery,  Liquid  or  Bloody 
Discharges,  Fall  Murrain. 

7.  For  Miscarriage,  Abortion.  Slinking,  Retained 
Placenta,  or  imperfect  cleansing,  Hemorrhage,  etc. 

8.  For  all  Urinary  or  Kidney  Diseases,  Intiamed 
Kidney,  Bladder  or  Urotha,  Scanty,  Painful,  Diffi- 
cult, Suppressed  or  Bloody  Urination. 

9.  For    Eruptions   and     Cutaneous     Diseases, 
Mange,  Farcy,  Grease,   Thrush,  Abscess,   Ulcers, 
Fistula,  Swellings,   Erysipelas,   Unhealthy   Skin, 
Rough  Coat. 

10.  For  Indigestion,  Constipation,  Evil  Effects 
of  Over-Feeding,  Jaundice  or  Yellows,  Ill-Condi- 
tion, Staring  Coat,  Paralysis,  Stomach  Staggers. 

In  addition  to  the  foregoing  specifics,  which  are 
all  given  internally,  the  following  remedies  and 
{•reparations  are  also  employed  externally  as 
washes  or  npplications,  at  the  same  time  the  Spe- 
cific remedy  is  internally  employed. 

We  prepare  a  Liniment,  and  use  it  in  our  prac- 
tice, which  we  believe  to  be  the  best  external 
remedy  now  in  use  for  sprains,  bruises,  rheumatism 
and  lameness  of  all  kinds,  for  man  or  beast. 

Calendula  Otticinulis  (the  common  Marigold), 
is  the  best  known  remedy  for  flesh  and  lacerated 
wounds,  as  it  is  remarkable  for  healing  by  first 
intention.  This  is  prepared  by  adding  one  pint  of 
alcohol  to  four  ounces  of  fresh  flowers,  and  will 
be  ready  for  use  after  a  day  or  two. 


DOSES— HOW    MUCH. 

It  is  an"  error  to  suppose  that  animals  require 
very  large  doses  of  Specific  Medicines,  for  expe- 
rience has  shown  them  to  be  very  impressible, 


LIST  OP  SPECIFICS  AND  REMEDIES.      17 


easily  influenced  by  appropriate  medicine,  and  in 
avneral,  not  to  require  as  frequent  repetitions  as 
the  human,  subject.  Accustomed  to  give  large 
and  powerful  doses  of  poisonous  medicines  in  order 
to  produce  some  revulsive  effect,  such  as  a  ca- 
thartic or  sudorific,  or  even  as  an  alternative,  we 
can  not  hence  infer  the  proper  quantity  required 
when  a  mere  curative  result  is  desired.  '  Only  ex- 
perience, hence,  can  answer  the  question  how 
much?  And  experience  has  amply  shown  that 
for  horses,  four  five,  or  eight  drops  is  the  range  of 
doses  best  adapted  in  ordinary  cases,  and  that 
while  cattle  and  hogs  require  rather  more,  sheep 
and  dogs  require  less  than  the  doses  above  men- 
tioned. We  have  indicated  in  each  disease  the 
dose  supposed  to  be  best  for  that  particular  case, 
yet  to  give  two  or  three  drops  more  in  any  given 
case  would  probably  not  be  hurtful,  while  to  give 
one  or  two  drops  less,  would  not  endanger  the  cu- 
rative action  for  want  of  the  requisite  quantity. 
The  truth  is,  that  precision  in  quantity  is  not  in- 
dispensable to  a  cure.  The  doses  indicated  we 
think  are  best,  but  a  deviation  from  them  is  by 
no  means  fatal.  One  physician  gives  much  more 
and  another  many  times  less,  and  both  are  suc- 
•cessful.  Medicine  gives  a  curative  impulse  often 
as  well  or  better  with  two  or  five  drops  as  with 
much  more.  Besides,  in  giving  medicines  to  ani- 
mals, from  their  restlessness,  dodging  the  head, 
and  other  similar  disturbing  circumstances  we  can 
not,  and  happily  need  not,  be  very  positive,  (jive 
the  doses  as  near  the  direction  as  convenient,  and 
the  result  will  be  satisfactory.  Young  animals 
require  but  half  as  much  as  grown  ones. 

LIBRARY 

UNIVERSITY  OF 


CALIFORNIA. 


18     LIST  OF  SPECIFICS  AND  REMEDIES. 


REPETITIONS— HOW  OFTEN. 

The  effect  of  Specific  Homoeopathic  Remedies 
are  very  prompt  and  positive.  Often  immediate, 
in  cases  of  colic  or  other  forms  of  neuralgia,  as  the 
medicine  acts  at  once  through  the  medium  of  the 
nervous  system.  In  other  acute  diseases,  such  as 
in  inflammation,  the  effect  is  equally  prompt,  but 
not  so  openly  manifested. 

After  a  dose  of  medicine  has  been  given  and 
good  results  are  being  manifested — the  animal 
easier,  more  quiet  and  relieved,  it  is  wise  not  to 
interfere  with  even  a  new  dose  until  the  good 
action  is  exhausted.  Hence  the  time  to  repeat,  is 
trkcn  that  good  effect  has  terminated.  All  rules  of 
repetition  are  based  upon  this  axiom.  Thus  in 
colic  and  inflammation  of  the  bowels,  we  repeat 
every  fifteen,  thirty  or  sixty  minutes.  In  inflam- 
mations of  the  lungs,  or  chest,  head  or  other  noble 
organ,  or  in  glanders  or  similar  acute  diseases,  we 
repeat  once  in  two,  three  or  four  hours.  In  the 
yet  less  severe  forms  of  disease,  such  as  fevers, 
founder,  strangles,  distemper,  lameness,  or  similar 
diseases,  a  dose  once  in  four  hours,  or  four  times 
per  day,  is  quite  sufficient.  While  in  coughs, 
heaves,  ulcers,  eruptions,  and  similar  affections,  if 
recent,  a  dose  morning  and  night  is  ample.  In 
old  chronic  affections,  a  dose  every  day,  or  every 
second  day,  is  better  than  more  frequent  repeti- 
tions, and  in  not  a  few  cases,  a  single  dose  of 
medicine  never  repeated  has  cured  an  old,  long- 
standing and  obstinate  disease. 


LIST  OF  SPECIFICS  AND  REMEDIES.      19 

ALTERNATION  OF   REMEDIES. 

In  general  but  one  medicine  is  required  for  a 
disease,  and  it  may  be  repeated  from  time  to 
time,  until  the  case  is  cured.  But  cases  are  often 
so  constituted  that  two  Specifics  are  indicated  at 
the  same  time,  one  to  meet  one  phase  of  the  dis- 
ease, and  a  different  specific  to  meet  another.  In 
all  cases  the  two  medicines  may  be  given  alter- 
nately with  great  propriety  and  advantage.  Thus, 
give  a  dose  of  one  specific,  and  then,  after  the 
proper  interval  has  elapsed,  give  the  other  one, 
and  thus  continue  the  two  alternately,  at  such  in- 
tervals as  the  exigencies  of  the  case  demand. 
Nor  should  we  be  deterred  from  the  use  of  a  spe- 
cific in  a  particular  case,  because  the  name  given 
it  indicates  a  different  use,  for  a  medicine  may  be 
curative  or  specific  for  a  particular  disease,  and 
equally  so  for  a  very  different  or  even  seemingly 
opposite  one.  Whenever  it  becomes  necessary  to 
use  a  second  remedy  in  alternation,  No.  9  may  be 
chosen,  as  that  is  a  constitutional  remedy. 


HOW  TO  CHOOSE  THE  REMEDY. 

In  the  use  of  these  Specifics  nothing  can  well 
be  more  simple  than  this,  while  in  attempting  to 
use  the  ordinary  Homoeopathic  preparation  it  is 
very  difficuct  and  intricate.  From  an  examina- 
tion of  the  animal  you  will  have  some  idea  of  the 
nature  of  its  disease,  and  will  at  once  turn  to  the 
page  in  the  manual  where  the  diseases  will  be 
found  classified,  and  each  class  numbered  to  cor- 
respond with  each  vial  containing  the  proper 
remedy. 


20     LIST  OF  SPECIFICS  AND  REMEDIES. 

In  case  a  wrong  medicine  is  selected  or  given, 
no  injury  will  be  done,  only  a  possible  loss  of  time 
may  result.  And  when  a  sufficient  length  of 
time  has  passed  to  show  that  no  good  has  re- 
sulted, the  case  should  be  looked  over  again,  and 
a  more  appropriate  Specific  given. 


HOW  TO  GIVE  THE  REMEDY. 

Not  among  the  least  recommendations  for  the 
use  of  these  specifics,  is  the  ease  and  facility  with 
which  they  may  be  administered.  No  tying, 
struggling  or  choking  are  necessary.  The  animal 
should  be  approached  quietly,  and  the  medicine 
placed,  if  possible,  upon  the  tongue,  well  back — 
thence  it  is  absorbed  and  acts  through  the  medium 
of  the  nervous  system.  The  simplest  method  of 
doing  this  is  the  best.  For  this  purpose  we  use 
a  drachm  vial,  or  a  half-ounce  vial,  as  that  is  not 
liable  to  break.  After  placing  the  required  num- 
ber of  drops  of  medicine  in  the  vial,  add  the  same 
quantity  of  water,  and  approach  the  animal  care 
fully,  holding  firmly  the  vial  between  the  thumb 
and  fingers,  and  with  the  other  hand  raise  the 
head  a  little,  at  the  same  time  depositing  the  con- 
tents of  tiie  vial  carefully  upon  the  tongue.  The 
vial  should  be  washed  alter  giving  the  medicine, 
before  laying  it  down,  that  it  may  always  be  clean. 

For  dogs  it  is  better  to  give  the  medicine  in  a 
little  sweet  milk. 


LIST  OP  SPECIFICS  AND  REMEDIES.      21 


HOUSING  AND  CARE  OF  SICK  ANIMALS. 

When  an  animal  shows  signs  of  illness,  it 
should  be  immediately  cared  for.  The  horse, 
unless  in  case  of  colic,  or  other  slight  ailment, 
when  the  medicine  may  be  given  at  once,  and  his 
work  continued,  should  be  placed  in  a  roomy,  con- 
venient and  warm  stall,  well  littered  with  plenty 
of  dry  bedding,  and  wrell  blanketed  unless  in  very 
warm  weather.  Cattle,  sheep  and  hogs,  as  soon 
as  it  is  noticed  that  they  are  sick,  should  be 
separated  from  the  herd  or  flock,  and  placed  in 
comfortable  and  well-littered  and  especially  dry 
apartments.  This  is  necessary,  not  only  to  pre- 
vent disease  spreading:  to  other  stock  on  the  farm, 
but  for  the  convenience  of  nursing  them,  giving 
them  medicine,  and  also  to  place  them  in  the  very 
best  ^position  for  a  cure.  Often  a  little  timely  care 
and  nursing,  will  save  and  restore  an  animal, 
which,  if  permitted  to  run  with  the  stock,  and 
take  its  chances,  would  undoubtedly  be  lost.  A 
sick  animal  as  truly  needs  attention,  as  a  sick 
child.  Not  ahvays  will  mere  nursing  restore  a 
sick  animal,  but  it  always  places  it  in  the  best 
possible  condition  to  effect  a  cure,  and  without  it 
the  best  medical  treatment  will  often  be  fruitless. 


DIET  OF  SICK  ANIMALS. 

In  general,  when  animals  are  seriously  ill,  they 
are  without  appetite,  and  will  take  little  or  no 
food — nature  thus  indicating  the  propriety  of 
abstinence.  But  in  all  cases,  the  food  given  or 
allowed  should  be  quite  limited  in  quantity — one 


22     LIST  OF  SPECIFICS   AND  REMEDIES. 

half,  one  third  or  fourth  of  the  usual  quantity 
allowed,  and  only  that  which  is  nourishing,  easily 
digested,  and  generally  relaxing.  With  these 
general  restrictions,  the  usual  kind  of  food  may 
be  permitted,  except  in  the  case  of  dogs,  where 
only  stale  bread  and  milk  should  be  allowed  in 
urgent  cases,  and  but  little  or  no  meat,  and  no 
salted  or  spiced  food  in  any  case.  After  the  more 
urgent  symptoms  of  the  disease  have  passed  over, 
and  the  animal  is  recovering,  we  should  be  care- 
ful and  not  give  full  feed,  as  a  relapse  may  thus 
easily  be  provoked,  and  prove  very  stubborn  and 
dangerous. 

At  least  half  an  hour  or  hour  should  intervene 
after  taking  a  dose  of  medicine,  before  the  animal 
should  be  fed,  as  the  system  is  more  susceptible 
then  than  at  any  other  time. 

All  nostrums,  domestic  medicines,  or  herb-teas 
however  harmless  or  beneficial  otherwise^  are 
STRICTLY  PROHIBITED,  as  the  Specific  Medicine 
must  be  permitted  to  act  upon  the  system  entirely 
undisturbed  by  any  predjudicial  influences. 

Injections  of  water,  soap  and  water,  or  salt  and 
water,  are  always  allowable,  and  may  often  be 
used  with  great  benefit.  They  are  usually  admin- 
istered without  difficulty,  and  in  no  case  injurious, 
and  should  one  fail  to  produce  an  evacuation, 
another  or  more  may  be  repeated,  until  the  result 
is  accomplished. 


HOW  TO  FEEL  THE  PULSE. 

This  is  best  done  by  placing  the  finger  on  the 
artery,  where  it  passes  over  the  lower  jaw,  about 
four  inches  below  its  angle.  Place  the  fore-finger 
on  the  side  of  the  lower  jaw,  at  its  angle,  and 


LIST  OF  SPECIFICS  AND    REMEDIES. 


trace  the  jaw  along  gently  towards  the  mouth. 
Some  four  inches  below  the  angle,  a  notch  will 
be  found,  in  which  the  artery  passes  over  the 
jaw.  and  the  throbbing  of  the  pulse  will  be  read- 
ily felt. 

The  pulse  makes,  in  a  healthy  horse,  from 
thirty-six  to  forty-two  beats  per  minute,  in  spirit- 
ed lighter  horses  the  latter,  and  in  heavy,  older 
horses  the  former.  When  the  pulse  reaches  fifty 
to  fifty-five,  there  is  some  degree  of  fever.  Seven- 
ty-five will  indicate  a  dangerous  condition,  and 
few  horses  will  long  survive  a  pulse  of  one  hun- 
dred. Care  should  be  taken  not  to  excite  a  horse 
before  or  while  examining  the  pulse,  as  it  may 
thus  readily  be  increased  ten  or  fifteen  beats  to 
the  minute,  and  mislead  as  to  the  true  condition. 


EXPLANATION. 

We  say  if  a  wrong  medicine  is  given,  no  injury 
is  done.  This  perhaps  should  be  explained,  as 
most  people  overlook  the  grand  beauties  of  our 
science  ;  can't  see  it,  as  the  saying  is. 

The  explanation  is  this:  Whenever  any  organ  is 
diseased,  it  becomes  very  susceptible  to  medicine. 
Hence  we  design  to  give  just  enough  to  produce  a 
healing  action  upon  the  diseased  locality,  but  not 
sufficient  to  affect  any  other  organ  that  is  in 
health,  and  the  reason  of  its  being  wrong  is  that 
it  is  not  specific  for  the  locality  for  which  it  was 
given. 


24     LIST  OP  SPECIFICS  AND   REMEDIES. 


TETANUS,  OR  LOCK  JAW. 

This  disease  is  more  common  in  the  horse 
than  in  other  domestic  animals.  It  consists  of  a 
muscular  spasm  of  the  jaw,  (whence  its  name) 
which  usually  extends  to  all  the  muscles  of  the 
body.  It  most  frequently  occurs  in  consequence 
of  an  injury  or  wound,  such  as  broken  knees,  open 
joints,  severe  bruises,  nicked  or  docked  tail,  castra- 
tion, wounds  of  the  feet,  prick  of  a  nail,  or  even 
the  galling  of  a  crupper.  It  is  also  caused  by 
cold  or  damp,  sudden  arrest  of  strangles,  worms, 
or  a  bad  condition  of  the  stomach. 

SYMPTOMS. — In  general  it  conies  on  very  slowly, 
but  also,  in  some  cases,  with  great  violence.  The 
muscles  of  the  neck  and  jaw  are  first  affected,  so 
that  the  horse  has  great  difficulty  in  swallowing, 
and  in  turning  his  neck.  The  muscles  then  become 
quite  stiff ;  the  mouth  is  nearly  closed;  the  jaws 
cannot  be  parted,  and  little  or  no  food  can  be  taken 
into  the  mouth.  By  degrees,  all  the  muscles  be- 
come affected  with  the  same  stiffness  and  cramp ; 
the  eyes  are  still  and  staring,  pulled  back  in  their 
sockets,  and  squinted  outward,  and  the  haw  is 
thrust  forward  ;  the  neck  cannot  be  bent,  and  the 
muscles  feel  hard  and  firm  ;  the  head  cannot  be 
raised  or  lowered,  and  is  held  forward  with  the 
nose  stretched  out ;  the  nostrils  are  expanded  ;  the 
ears  pointed  forward,  erect  and  fixed  ;  the  lips  are 
firmly  stretched  across  the  teeth,  which  are  partly 
seen  ;  the  saliva  flows  fnom  the  mouth  ;  the  horse 
looks  anxious  and  can  scarcely  move  ;  the  belly  is 
hard  and  tucked  up  ;  the  tail  is  lifted  up  and  held 
straight  out,  and  is  in  a  constant  tremble  ;  the  legs 
are  firmly  fixed  to  the  ground,  and  spread  out 
from  each  other  ;  the  bowels  are  bound,  and  urine 


LIST  OP  SPECIFICS  AND  REMEDIES.      25 

passes  with  difficulty  ;  the  breathing  is  quickened, 
luixHvu  and  convulsive;  the  pulse  is  disturbed 
easily  by  frightening  or  speaking  angrily  to  the 
horse,  and  it  becomes  afterwards  weak  and  trem- 
bling. While  the  spasm  of  the  muscles  continues, 
tTie  animal  is  in  constant  pain,  although  it  is  less 
severe  at  some  times  than  at  others. 

TREATMENT. — Where  a  wound  or  injury  has 
taken  place,  and  tetanus  supervenes,  it  will  be  of 
course  traced  directly  to  this,  and  the  wound 
should  at  once  be  treated  as  recommended  for  that 
particular  case.  If  the  discharge  has  suddenly 
stopped,  it  should  be  reproduced  by  mild,  warm 
applications  to  the  parts,  and  any  irritation  of  the 
wound  allayed  as  soon  and  as  far  as  possible. 

The  horse  should  also  be  treated  with  the  great- 
est possible  kindness,  not  to  be  handled  roughly  or 
unkindly,  and  as  the  spasms  are  rendered  more 
intense  or  severe  from  fright  or  noise,  the  groom 
must  not  shout  or  speak  angrily  ;  everything  must 
be  done  in  the  most  kind  and  quiet  manner,  and 
no  glare  of  light  admitted  into  the  stable  for  the 
same  reason.  The  medicine  can  be  given,  incase 
the  mouth  is  closed,  with  a  small  syringe,  thrown 
weii  back  into  the  mouth.  So  soon  as  any  stiff- 
ness of  the  jaws,  or  other  indication  of  this  disease 
appears,  give  five  drops  of  the  specific  No.  1  for  Gon- 
rnixi.on8,  and  repeat  the  dose  every  three  hours. 
Should  an  improvement  not  take  place  within 
twenty  four  hours,  whether  occasioned  by  an  in- 
jury or  otherwise,  alternate  the  Specific  for  Par- 
alyxis,  No.  10,  with  the  first  named,  at  intervals 
of  three  or  four  hours,  and  continue  this  treatment 
perseveringly.  In  some  cases,  ths  Specific  for 
Paralysis,^  No.  10,  may  be  used  to  advantage 
froTn  the  first,  but  the  two  remedies  will  generally 
be  found  most  successful  in  alternation. 


26      LIST  OP  SPECIFICS  AND    IIKMKDI  !•:>. 

When  the  disease  has  become  fully  developed, 
or  appears  very  violent,  or  does  not  promptly  yield 
to  the  remedies,  we  advise  the  following  coarse, 
from  a  full  conviction  that,  if  perse  veringly  fol- 
lowed, the  animal  may  be  promptly  saved.  We 
have  been  very  successful  in  this. 

Provide  several  buckets  or  tubs  of  water,  as 
cold  as  it  can  be  made,  the  colder  the  better,  even 
if  swimming  in  snow  and  ice,  as  the  object  is  to 
reduce  the  temperature  of  the  animal  as  rapidly  as 
possible.  Provide  conveniently,  also,  several 
blankets  and  parts  of  blankets,  or  clothes,  to 
wrap  up  the  entire  body,  neck  and  L-us.  These 
should  be  conveniently  at  hand,  so  as  to  envelop 
the  animal  as  soon  as  possible  after  having  been 
thoroughly  chilled.  Then  standing  the  animal 
whore  the  water  will  conveniently  run  off,  proceed 
gently  to  pour  the  water  over  the  animal  from  a 
pitcher,  in  a  moderate  stream.  Two  persons  can 
do  it  best,  each  with  pitchers,  being  constantly 
replenished  from  buckets  behind  them,  at  the  rate 
ot  ;i  bucketful  each  in  three  or  four  minutes,  pour- 
ing the  stream  from  the  top  of  the  head,  so  on 
along  down  the  neck  and  spine,  constantly  chang- 
ing the  direction  of  the  streams,  and  keeping  them 
running  over  the  animal,  until  he  is  thoroughly 
chilled  through  and  through,  and  sJmkt-s  <.nnl  trem- 
bles violently.  This  is  the  criterion,  and  the  streams 
must  be  kept  iip  until  this  is  accomplished, 
whether  it  requires  twenty  minutes,  or  two  hours, 
or  longer. 

As  soon  as  this  is  accomplished,  and  the  horse 
shakes  and  trembles  violently,  remove  him  to  a  com- 
fortable place,  wipe  off  the  superfluous  water,  and 
wrap  him  in  blankets  from  head  to  heels,  envelop- 
ing the  neck  and  muzzle,  body  and  limbs,  in  sev- 
eral folds,  pinning  them  closely,  and  throwing 


LIST  OF  SPECIFICS  AND   REMEDIES.     27 

an  extra  one,  or  buffalo  robe,  over  the  whole,  to 
invite  return  of  warmth  and  perspiration.  Usually, 
and  it'  the*  animal  has  been  thoroughly  chilled, 
with  return  of  warmth,  perspiration  will  break 
out  all  over  him,  and  the  disease  is  gone.  If  the 
animal  has  not  been  sufficiently  chilled,  only  a  dry 
heat  will  come  on  and  the  spasms  remain.  The 
operation  must  then  be  repeated,  until  the  result 
is  obtained.  But  if  the  animal  be  thoroughly 
chilled  and  treated  as  above,  a  warm  perspiration 
will  come  on  with  entire  relief  of  the  spasm. 
The  horse  will  then  be  well,  and  only  needs  care- 
ful and  gradual  removal  of  the  superfluous  cover- 
ing, so  as  not  to  chill  the  animal  again,  or  permit 
him  to  take  cold. 

During  this  entire  process,  the  medical  treat- 
ment, as  above  mentioned,  must  be  continued,  and 
for  some  time  after,  to  prevent  a  return. 

FOOD. — When  the  jaws  are  firmly  set,  no  food 
can  be  given,  but  there  are  times  when  the  spasms 
relax,  and  the  jaws  are  rather  wider  than  at  other 
periods.  Green  food  and  gruel  may  then  be  offered 
to  the  horse.  When  the  jaws  become  more  open, 
he  may  have  bran,  clover,  hay-tea,  gruel  and  such 
similar  food.  If  the  jaws  cannot  be  opened,  or  he 
cannot  swallow,  meal,  or  oatmeal-gruel,  may  be 
injected  by  means  of  a  large  syringe,  into  the  fun- 
dament, and  life  be  thus  prolonged. 

Care  must  be  taken  to  feed  sparingly  when 
recovering,  or  indigestion  and  a  fatal  result  may 
be  the  consequence. 

Lockjaw  is  the  only  disease  that  requires  either 
packing,  blistering,  or  even  a  poultice  with  our 
treatment,  except  in  such  cases  as  when  abcesses 
have  already  formed,  when  they  may  be  fomented 
with  hot  soap  suds  and  linseed  meal. 


28     LIST  OP  SPECIFICS  AND  REMEDIES. 

The  internal  medicines  should  be  continued  in 
all  such  cases,  as  it  hastens  the  cure. 

Our  medicines  are  put  up  in  cases  containing 
ten  different  kinds,  carefully  prepared,  classified 
and  labelled,  each  vial  containing  about  two  hun- 
dred doses,  and  numbered  to  correspond  with  the 
diseases  classified  in  this  book.  Any  one  ordering 
our  medicines,  less  than  a  full  case,  should  !;•<•  par- 
ticular to  give  the  right  number  to  each  kind 
wanted.  It  is  very  important  however,  to  be  sup- 
plied with  a  full  case,  as  then  you  are  pivpaivd 
for  every  emergency,  wherea?,  if  only  a  part  of 
a  case  is  at  hand,  that  which  is  lacking  may  be 
most  wanted.  Those  who  become  acquainted 
with  our  medicines,  value  them  their  weight  in 
gold. 

Our  prices  for  a  full  case,  book  included,  is  ten 
dollars.  For  less  than  a  full  case,  one  dollar  per 
bottle,  book  not  included* 

All  orders  promptly  responded  to  by  us,  No.  815 
Market  Street.  Also  can  be  had  of  James  G. 
Stec-le  &  Co.,  Chemists  and  Apothecaries,  521 
Montgomery  Street,  San  Francisco. 


HOW  TO  TREAT  NAIL  IN  THE  FOOT. 

First  find  the  direction  of  the  nail,  then  with 
care  remove  the  same,  so  as  not  to  break  it  off. 
Then  drop  twro  or  three  drops  of  No.  2  into  the 
wound,  and  with  the  point  oi  a  knife,  tuck  a  little 
oakum  or  cloth  snugly  into  the  wound,  and  apply 
three  drops  more  of  No.  2,  and  give  five  drops  on 
the  tongue.  Nothing  more  is  required,  except  in 
very  bad  cases.  Then  the  doses  should  be  repeated 
a  few  times  once  an  hour. 


*On  page  11,  third  line  from  bottom,  read  book  in  place  of  box. 


LIST  OF  SPECIFICS  AND    REMEDIES.      29 


HOW  TO  TREAT  CORNS. 

First  have  them  well  cut  out.  Apply  five  drops 
No.  7,  and  let  the  foot  be  held  up  five  or  ten  min- 
utes, and  a  spoonful  of  brown  sugar  melted  and 
applied  hot,  and  all  will  go  well. 


INFLUENZA. 

Where  numerous  horses  are  attacked  about  the 
same  time,  the  symptoms  assume  a  more  severe 
form,  attended  with  a  greater  degree  of  prostration 
than  in  cases  of  common  cold,  and  it  then  merits 
the  name  of  INFLUENZA.  The  symptoms  of  one 
year  vary  from  those  ot  another,  and  during  the 
same  season,  all  animals  are  not  handled  alike, 
though  the  general  outline  will  be  the  same.  The 
attending  fever  is  of  a  low  grade,  comes  on  sud- 
denly, and  soon  reaches  its  height,  and  lowuess  of 
spirits  and  weakness  are  predominant.  The  symp- 
toms are  often  as  follows  : 

The  horse  is  dull,  low-spirited,  and  easily  tired ; 
he  yawns  and  hangs  his  head ;  his  coat  stares  ; 
sweats  easily,  and  breathes  quickly,  when  slightly 
worked  or  moved.  He  eats  little  or  nothing.  As  the 
disease  advances,  the  skin  is  sometimes  hot  and 
again  cold  ;  the  mouth  and  tongue  are  dry  and 
hot  ;  the  white  of  the  eye  and  nose  are  red  ;  the 
bowels  bound ;  urine  scanty  ;  the  eyelids  swelled, 
partly  closed,  tears  flow  down  the  face,  and  fret  the 
skin.  The  sides  of  the  nostrils  are  also  fretted  by 
the  acrid  discharge  from  them,  which  is  sometimes 
very  profuse.  The  throat  is  so  much  inflamed, 


30      LIST  OF  SPECIFICS  AND  REMEDIES. 

that  swallowing  is  attended  with  pain  and  diffi- 
culty— the  animal  "  quids  "  his  food,  and  splashes 
the  water  with  his  muzzle,  being  afraid  to  swallow 
either  fluid  or  solid  food.  The  throat  is  painful, 
hot,  and  swelled  on  the  outside ;  the  glands  are 
also  swelled,  hard  and  painful,  and  sometimes 
maturate.  The  cough  is  frequent,  at  times 
coining  on  in  fits,  and  breathing  is  sometimes 
quite  obstructed  and  difficult.  When  the  disease 
has  lasted  some  time,  the  dung  is  slimy  and 
mixed  with  blood,  and  the  discharge  from  the  nose 
is  sometimes  bloody. 

A  common  cold  may  terminate  in  inflammation 
of  the  bronchia  or  lungs,  by  extending  downwards, 
or  it  may  be  cured,  and  expend  itself  merely  in  the 
nose  and  throat.  So  an  influenza  may  extend  and 
involve  the  pulmonary  tissue,  and  is  far  more 
grave  than  is  usually  supposed. 

TREATMENT. — When  the  disease  commences 
with  a  chill,  or  any  considerable  degree  of  fever 
is  present,  give  five  drops  of  the  Specific  for  Fever, 
No.  1,  and  repeat  it  two  or  three  times,  at  intervals 
of  three  or  four  hours.  Then  alternate  the  Spe- 
cific for  Cough,  No.  5,  with  the  fever  medicine,  at 
intervals  of  three  or  four  hours,  until  the  disease 
is  broken  up,  and  the  horse  is  well.  In  case  of  In- 
fluenza, even  with  very  threatening  symptoms,  the 
Specific  for  Cough,  No.  5,  and  for  Fever,  No.  1 
should  be  given  alternately,  say  every  four  hours, 
in  doses  of  five  drops,  keeping  the  animal  well 
covered  and  in  a  warm  stable.  After  all  the  fever- 
ish symptoms  have  disappeared,  only  the  Cough 
Specific  No.  5  will  be  required,  and  the  intervals 
between  the  doses  may  be  prolonged  as  the  animal 
improves.  In  case  the  discharge  from  the  nose  is 
profuse  or  thick,  and  excoriating,  one  or  both  the 
above  named  remedies  may  be  omitted,  and  the 


LIST  OF  SPECIFICS  AND  REMEDIES.      81 


Specific  for  Distemper,  No.  3  be  given  instead, 
at  the  same  intervals,  and  this  may  be  continued 
to  the  conclusion  of  the  case,  either  alone  or  in 
alternation  with  the  Specific  No.  5,  for  Cough. 


COUGH. 

Cough  is  so  well  known  as  to  require  no  descrip- 
tion. It  is  in  almost  all  cases,  a  mere  symptom  of 
some  disease  or  morbid  condition  of  the  air  pas- 
sages, such  as  cold,  bronchitis,  catarrah,  or  other 
more  serious  affections  of  the  chest,  upon  the  cure 
of  which  it  disappears.  In  some  cases,  however, 
this  affection  is  so  slight  as  to  occasion  only  cough 
as  a  symptom  of  its  existence,  and  the  cough  may 
be  said  to  be  idiopathic.  Continued  cough  pre- 
disposes to  inflammation,  yet  some  horses  have  a 
slight  cough  for  years  without  being  otherwise 
unwell.  Other  coughs  are  connected  with  thick 
wind,  broken  wind,  glanders,  worms  and  indi- 
gestion. 

TREATMENT. — For  all  chronic  coughs  five  drops 
of  the  Specific  for  Coughs,  No.  5  morning  and 
night,  are  sufficient.  In  more  complicated  or  re- 
cent cases,  the  medicine  may  be  given  three  or 
four  times  per  day. 


SPASM  OF  THE  DIAPHRAGM    OR  MIDRIFF. 

This  is  a  very  rare  disease  in  the  horse,  but  may 
occur  in  consequence  of  disorders  of  the  stomach 
and  bowels,  or  violent  exertions  when  the  stomach 
is  distended  with  food. 


32     LIST  OF  SPECIFICS  AND  REMEDIES. 

SYMPTOMS.  —  The  midriff  contracts  with  so 
much  force  that  the  wlule  body  is  shaken,  and 
a  "  thumping  "  noise  is  heard  at  some  distance ; 
these  thumps  are  best  heard  when  the  ear  is 
placed  over  the  back  at  each  side  of  the  spine  ; 
the  pulse  is  small,  from  fifty  to  sixty  to  the  min- 
ute, and  the  breathing  from  twenty  to  thirty ; 
the  breath  is  drawn  quickly  into  the  lungs,  and  is 
attended  with  a  snifling  sound  at  the  nose ;  the 
sides  of  the  nose  are  drawn  inward,  when  the 
breath  is  inhaled. 

It  differs  from  palpitation  by  the  number  of 
beats  being  different  from  that  of  the  iieart,  by 
the  sounds  being  heard  over  the  back  and  the 
drawing  in  of  the  nostrils  during  inspiration. 

TREATMENT. — The  disease  will  be  cured  by  the 
Specific  for  Fever,  No.  1,  or  by  the  Fever  and 
Caiiy/i,  No.  5,  alternately,  five  drops  every  two  or 
three  hours. 


HEAVES,    BROKEN   WIND,    THICK     WIND, 
WHISTLES. 

These  are  merely  varieties  of  nearly  one  and 
the  same  pathological  condition,  and  the  dis- 
tinctions lead  to  no  practical  result  in  the  treat- 
ment. 

THICK  WIND  is  generally  the  result  of  an  im- 
perfectly cured  bronchitis  or  pneumonia,  leaving 
either  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  bronchia 
permanently  thickened,  or  some  portions  of  the 
lung  more  or  less  solidified,  thus  impairing  its  ca- 
pacity and  diminishing  or  destroying  its  elasticity. 
Hence,  the  horse  when  exercised,  especially  up- 


LIST  OF  SPECIFICS  AND  REMEDIES.      38 

hill,  breathes  short,  hurriedly,  and  more  labori- 
ously than  in  health.  This  causes  much  distress, 
the  horse  expands  his  nostrils,  heaves,  pants,  and 
breathes  with  difficulty. 

BHOKEN  WIND  is  the  result  of  emphysema  of 
the  lungs,  that  is,  the  minute  air-cells  in  certain 
portions  of  the  lungs  become  dilated,  lose  their 
elasticity  or  power  of  contraction,  and  breaking 
one  into  another,  form  variously-sized  sacks  of  air, 
the  entrance  to  which  becomes  closed,  so  that  this 
air  remains  resident  in  the  lung  and  so  far  destroys 
its  use.  Spasm  of  the  air-tubes  acts  in  a  similar 
manner,  hence,  it  may  come  and  go,  but  the  former 
condition  is  more  or  less  permanent.  Spasm,  or 
disease  of  the  midriff,  is  frequently  connected 
with  it.  The  usual  symptoms  are,  the  flanks  are 
slowly  drawn  up  until  they  have  a  tucked-up  ap- 
pearance, when  thay  suddenly  fall  down.  The 
act  of.  forcing  the  air  from  the  lungs  is  far  more 
difficult,  and  requires  longer  time  than  to  inspire 
it.  There  is  also  a  short,  weak,  wheezing  cough, 
rough,  dry  coat ;  greediness  for  food,  yet  the  animal 
is  thin  and  looks  poor ;  the  belly  is  swelled  with 
wind  ;  oats  often  pass  unchanged  from  the  bowels. 

TREATMENT. — Some  cases  of  broken  and  thick 
wind  cannot  be  cured,  as  they  depend  upon  or- 
ganic changes  in  the  structure  of  the  lungs,  them- 
selves incurable,  yet  all  can  be  benefited  and  many 
are  entirely  cured  by  the  persistent  use  of  the 
Specific  and  proper  attention  to  food  and  work. 

In  all  cases  of  this  disease,  of  whatever  variety, 
if  recent  or  extensive,  give  five  drops  of  the  Heave 
Specific,  No.  5,  three  times  per  day.  In  old  long- 
standing cases,  a  dose  night  and  morning  is  suffi- 
cient. 

FOOD. — As  the  animal  suffers  for  want  of  space 
in  the  chest,  so  the  distension  of  the  stomach  with 


34     LIST  OF  SPECIFICS  AND  REMEDIES. 

an  undue  quantity  of  food  tends  much  to  increase 
the  difficulty.  Hence  the  most  condensed  form  of 
food  is  best,  plenty  of  oats  and  little  hay,  but  no 
chaff,  straw,  or  bloating  feed,  water  in  moderate 
quantities,  but  never  to  repletion  until  the  day's 
work  is  over.  Green  food,  carrots  especially,  are 
always  useful.  They  are  readily  digested,  and  are 
peculiarly  beneficial  to  the  respiratory  organs. 
On  the  contrary,  bloating,  flatulent,  poor  feed,  will 
tend  to  induce,  and  may  even  occasion,  broken 
wind.  The  horse  should  not  be  worked  soon  after 
a  full  meal. 


BRONCHITIS. 

From  exposure  to  wet  and  cold  ;  sudden  changes 
of  weather;  turning  the  horse  into  a  cold,  wet 
place,  or  bringing  him  from  grass  to  a  warm  sta- 
ble ;  standing  in  a  draft  of  cold  air,  or  washing 
the  warm  sweating  skin  and  not  drying  it  after- 
wards, an  inflammation  of  the  bronchial  tubes  and 
minute  air-cells  takes  place,  meriting  the  name  of 
Bronchitis. 

SYMPTOMS. — The  disease  generally  begins  with 
a  slight  cough,  quick  breathing,  sore  throat,  low 
spirits,  dislike  of  food,  slight  discharge  from  the 
nostrils,  pain  of  the  throat  when  pinched,  and 
some  difficulty  of  swallowing.  In  some  cases,  it 
comes  on  suddenly  with  shaking ;  fhe  legs,  ears, 
and  muzzle  are  at  one  time  hot  and  another  cold  ; 
the  skin  is  rough  and  staring;  the  head  hung 
down  ;  mouth  hot ;  the  animal  remains  standing, 
and  does  not  wish  to  move ;  pulse  is  full  and 
quick ;  the  cough  short,  frequent  and  irritating ; 
the  breathing  quick  and  difficult ;  the  eyes  and 


LIST  OF  SPECIFICS  AND  REMEDIES.      35 

nose  red,  and  rattles  are  heard  in  tlie  windpipe  at 
the  breast.  A  profuse  discharge  of  matter  from 
the  nostrils  indicates  the  period  from  which  im- 
provement commences. 

TREATMENT. — Give  "the  Specific  for  Fever,  No. 
1,  and  that  for  Cough,  No.  5,  five  drops  alternately 
every  three  or  four  hours.  Keep  the  animal  well 
covered  and  protected  until  recovery  takes  place. 
After  the  feverish  symptoms  have  disappeared, 
the  Cough,  Specific  No.  5,  may  be  relied  upon  for 
the  perfection  of  the  cure. 

STABLING  AND  FOOD. — In  all  cases  of  serious 
disease  of  the  air-passages,  the  horse  shonld  be 
placed  in  a  large  roomy  stable  or  stall,  into  which 
the  fresh  air  may  freely  come,  but  all  damp 
draughts  excluded ;  all  dung,  damp  and  dirty 
straw  carefully  removed  ;  spread  clean  straw  on 
the  floor ;  blanket  him  accorning  to  the  season, 
the  state  of  the  weather,  and  skin ;  hand-rub  and 
flannel-bandage  the  legs  every  night  and  morning, 
or  oftener  if  necessary. 

For  food,  bran  mashes,  gruel,  and  aired  water 
only;  when  recovering,  malt  or  bran  mashes, 
boiled  oats,  turnips,  carrots,  and  green  food,  if  in 
season. 


INFLAMMATION    OF    THE      LARYNX- 
LARYNGITIS 

The  larynx  is  the  upper  portion  of  the  wind- 
pipe, and  inflammation  of  it  sometime  occurs  and 
is  very  dangerous.  It  is  not  often  unmixed,  but 
generally  accompanied  with,  or  an  extension  of 
cold  or  bronchitis,  and  its  causes  are  the  same. 


36     LIST  OF  SPECIFICS  AND   REMEDIES. 

It  is  sometimes  a  dangerous  disease,  and  may 
kill  by  suffocation  or  degenerate  into  bronchitis  or 
pneumonia.  It  is  recognized  by  the  difficulty  of 
respiration,  which  is  loud  and  heard  at  a  distance. 

The  outside  of  the  throat  is  hot,  painful,  and 
swelled;  swallowing  is  sometimes  difficult,  and 
the  fluid  returns  by  the  nose ;  the  breathing  is 
short  and  difficult,  and  when  the  air  is  drawn  into 
the  lungs,  a  rough,  harsh  sound  is  heard  in  the 
larynx ;  the  cough,  at  first  short  and  hard,  be- 
comes more  hoarse  and  feeble,  and  occurs  in  fits, 
especially  during  an  attempt  to  swallow;  the 
pulse  is  quick,  hard  and  full,  and  skin  hot.  As 
the  disease  advances,  the  breathing  becomes  more 
difficult,  and  is  attended  with  a  rasping,  crowing 
sound,  the  neck  is  straightened  and  held  stiffly, 
the  head  raised  and  larynx  drawn  towards  the 
breast,  the  nostrils  are  widened,  the  nose  lead- 
colored,  the  eyes  red,  skin  damp  with  sweat,  the 
pulse  becomes  weak  and  irregular,  and  at  last, 
from  the  increasing  narrowness  of  the  windpipe, 
the  horse  actually  dies  for  want  of  breath. 

TREATMENT. — The  treatment  is  by  no  means 
difficult  or  complicated.  Give  the  Specific  No.  1, 
for  Inflammation,  five  drops  every  three  hours 
until  three  or  four  doses  have  been  given,  and 
then  alternate  it  with  the  Cough  Specific,  No.  5, 
at  the  same  intervals  until  the  animal  is  relieved. 

Should  the  windpipe  be  very  sore  to  the  touch 
outside,  it  may  be  occasionally  bathed  with  our 
liniment  with  advantage. 


LIST  OF  SPECIFICS  AND  EEMEDIES.     37 


SORE  THROAT. 

This  form  of  disease  often  occurs  in  connection 
with,  or  as  a  mere  symptom  of  a  cold  or  Bronchitis, 
and  only  requires  to  be  treated  in  connection  with 
those  affections.  But  it  sometimes  appears  as  a 
more  isolated  disease,  and  deserves  consideration 
accordingly. 

SYMPTOMS. — The  throat  is  quite  hot,  painful, 
swelled  on  the  outside  ;  it  is  painful  also  internally, 
as  the  horse  has  difficulty  in  swallowing  his  food, 
he  "  quids "  it,  that  is,  partly  chews  and  then 
drops  it;  the  glands  under  the  jaw  and  below  the 
ears  are  swelled,  hard  and  painful,  and  sometimes 
maturate ;  sometimes  in  swallowing  fluid,  it  re- 
turns again  by  the  nose ;  saliva  drops  from  the 
mouth  ;  as  the  swelling  of  the  inside  the  throat 
and  about  the  top  of  the  windpipe  increases,  the 
breathing  become  more  and  more  difficult,  and 
the  animal  at  times  seems  nearly  suffocated ;  and 
there  is  always  fever. 

TREATMENT.— No  other  medicine  will  be  re- 
quired internally  beyond  the  Specific  for  Inflam- 
mation, No.  1,  and  a  dose  of  five  drops  may  be 
given  every  two  or  three  hours  until  the  disease 
has  manifestly  abated,  and  then  at  longer  inter- 
vals. Bathing  the  outside  of  the  throat  with  our 
liniment  will  be  of  essential  advantage,  and  will 
expedite  the  cure. 


NASAL  GLEET. 

This  is  the  term  applied  to  an  old  long  stand- 
ing running  at  the  nose.  It  arises  from  a  morbid 
condition  of  the  lining  membrane,  is  often  the  re- 
sult of  a  badly  treated  or  neglected  cold,  especially 


38     LIST  OF  SPECIFICS  AND  REMEDIES. 

in  old  worn-out  horses,  and  is  similar  to  catarrh  in 
the  human  species.  Sometimes  a  diseased  tooth 
in  the  upper  jaw  may  give  rise  to  a  similar  dis- 
charge, bat  this  is  not  a  true  gleet. 

SYMPTOMS.— The  discharge  is  yellowish,  or  like 
cream,  and  in  some  cases  greenish.  It  may  be  dis- 
charged in  clots,  or  of  some  thickness,  constantly 
flowing,  or  snorted  out  in  quantities  ;  it  may  come 
from  both  nostrils,  but  generally  only  from  the 
left.  The  glands  under  the  left  jaw  are  often 
fixed,  hard  and  painful.  The  membrane  of  the 
nose  has  a  lead  color.  The  discharge  may  stop 
for  a  time,  and  then  come  on  again,  more  profuse 
than  before.  After  continuing  a  long  time,  the 
animal  becomes  thin  and  poor,  and  may  finally 
die  of  glanders. 

TREATMENT. — The  Specific  for  Distemper,  Na- 
sal Gleet,  No.  3,  should  be  given,  a  dose  of  five 
drops,  three  times  a  day.  It  will  be  found  quite 
sufficient  to  entirely  control  and  finally  arrest  it. 


PLEURISY,  PNEUMONIA,  PLEURO-PNEU- 
MONIA,  INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  CHEST. 

The  pleura  is  the  delicate  serous  membrane,  cov- 
ering the  lungs  with  one  surface,  and  lining  the 
cavity  of  the  chest  with  the  other.  Systematic 
writers  treat  of  the  inflammation  of  this  mem- 
brane, pleurisy,  and  that  of  the  substance  of  the 
lungs,  pneumonia,  separately.  But  as  this  rarely 
occurs  in  fact,  and  leads  to  no  practical  result  in 
the  treatment,  and  indeed  can  rarely  be  detected 
before  death,  we  prefer  the  more  practical  course 
of  treating  them  together.  An  inflammation  of 


1 


LIST  OP  SPECIFICS  AND    REMEDIES.     39 

the  lungs  rarely  or  never  remains  so,  but  event- 
ually involves  the  pleura  more  or  less,  and  so  an 
inflammation  of  the  pleura  always  involves,  more 
or  less  extensively,  the  pulmonary  substance. 
The  best  name,  and  more  common  type  of  the 
disease,  is  Pleuro-Pneumonia. 

CAUSES. — Catarrh,  influenza,  cold  or  bronchial 
irritation  may  either  of  them  terminate  in  this 
disease  if  neglected,  or  from  fresh  exposure.  A 
sudden  transition  from  heat  to  cold  ;  change  from 
a  warm  stable  to  a  colder  one ;  neglect  of  the 
usual  blanketing,  or  even  of  other  comforts  ;  hard 
and  long  ridding  against  a  cold  wind  in  snowy 
weather,  loitering  in  an  exposed,  bleak  place, 
when  the  horse  is  fatigued  and  warm,  without 
covering.  It  sometimes  occurs  when  horses  are 
suddenly  turned  out  to  grass,  or  when  they  have 
been  taken  up  and  turned  into  a  very  warm 
stable.  Injuries,  contusion,  rupture,  or  great  vio- 
lence done  to  the  chest,  is  quite  sure  to  be  followed 
by  pleurisy  or  Pleuro-Pneumonia. 

SYMPTOMS. — For  convenience  sake,  we  will  in- 
dicate the  symptoms  of  these  two  branches  of 
the  disease  separately.  Pleurisy  invariable  com- 
mences with  shaking  all  over,  followed  by  a  hot, 
dry  mouth,  white-coated  tongue,  red  nose  and  eyes, 
low  spirits,  want  of  appetite,  anxious  look,  and 
hard,  quick,  wiry  pulse.  The  act  of  drawing  the 
air  into  the  lungs  is  short,  and  stops,  or  is  cut  off 
at  a  certain  point,  at  which  time  the  pain  is  felt  ; 
the  act  of  forcing  the  air  from  the  lungs,  is  full 
and  slow.  The  pain  is  increased  by  coughing  and 
taking  a  full  breath,  which  the  horse  will  do  if 
suddenly  moved  or  frightened.  If  the  inflamed 
side  is  pressed  upon,  he  gives  forth  a  sound  like  a 
grunt ;  the  cough  is  short ;  the  horse  remains 
standing  ;  the  skin  on  the  inflamed  side  is  thrown 


40     LIST  OF  SPECIFICS  AND  REMEDIES. 

into  folds,  and  twitches  are  occasionally  seen  at 
the  same  place.  The  painfulness  of  the  spaces 
between  the  ribs  when  pressed  upon,  is  quite 
characteristic,  and  often  exist  to  an  intense  degree. 
The  horse  shrinks  from  it  with  a  low  grunt,  and 
tries  to  get  away.  The  skin  about  the  sides 
of  the  nostrils  and  at  the  ends  of  the  mouth  is 
wrinkled.  The  neck  is  lengthened,  and  nose 
thrust  forward ;  the  horse  stands  in  a  crouching 
manner,  and  seems  uneasy,  but  does  not  move. 
As  the  disease  advances,  the  pulse  becomes  more 
frequent,  and  afterwards  smaller,  until  it  can 
scarcely  be  felt ;  the  breathing  becomes  quicker 
and  more  painful  and  catching,  when  the  air  is 
drawn  into  the  lungs ;  then  by  degrees,  no  catch 
is  seen  or  grunt  heard,  the  twitches  are  not  ob- 
served, cold,  clammy  sweat  breaks  out  over  the 
body,  the  horse  appears  dull  and  stupid,  and  death 
closes  the  scene. 

The  pleura,  like  all  serous  membranes,  has  a 
strong  tendency  to  effusion  during  an  inflamma- 
tory action,  and  in  the  course  of  the  disease,  this 
effusion,  consisting  of  yellowish  serum,  is  exuded, 
in  quantities  varying  from  a  few  ounces  to  a 
bucket  full.  It  occurs  in  all  severe  cases,  and  the 
fluid  either  again  is  absorbed,  if  in  small  quantity, 
or  is  the  immediate  cause  of  death,  if  in  very 
large  quantity,  or  a  lesser  amount  may  remain  for 
a  long  time,  impeding  respiration,  and  forming  an 
empyema  or  dropsy  of  the  chest.  When  it  exists, 
the  breathing  is  "always  labored,  and  there  is 
cedema  or  tumid  swelling  of  some  external  part, 
generally  the  abdomen,  chest,  or  point  of  the 
breast. 

By  listening  with  the  ear  against  the  chest,  the 
progress  of  the  effusion  may  be  traced  from  below 
upward.  Above  it,  will  be  heard  the  loud  crack- 


LIST  OF  SPECIFICS  AND  KBMEDIES.     41 

ling  respiration  and  grating  peculiar  to  the  dis- 
ease ;  below  the  dullness  and  the  stillness  of  the 
lung  enveloped  in  fluid,  the  absence  of  sound, 
marks  the  line  of  the  accumulated  fluid,  its  in- 
crease and  diniunition. 

In  Pneumonia,  the  symptoms  differ  from  pleu- 
risy, yet  the  difference  manifests  itself  in  this, 
that  in  pleurisy  there  is  more  pain,  and  in  pneu- 
monia more  difficulty  of  breathing.  Pneumonia 
is  often  a  consequence  of  cold,  bronchitis,  or  the 
termination  of  some  disease  of  the  air-passages, 
and  may  be^in  with  symptoms  of  a  cold — rough 
coat,  want  of  appetite,  low  spirits,  etc.  In  other 
cases,  it  begins  with  a  shivering  chill ;  the  legs, 
ears  and  skin  are  cold ;  the  coat  is  rough ;  the 
nose  pale  and  dry;  quick  pulse,  which  afterwards 
becomes  frequent  and  full  ;  breathing  at  first 
quick,  then  panting  and  heaving ;  the  skin  now 
becomes  hot,  except  the  legs,  which  remain  very 
cold.  This  is  a  characteristic  symptom,  and  will 
never  deceive;  the  nose  and  eyes  are  red,  mouth 
hot  and  dry ;  the  eyes  have  a  yellowish  color,  and 
the  horse  looks  uneasy  and  restless. 

As  the  disease  extends,  the  breathing  becomes 
more  difficult,  and  is  attended  with  heaving  of  the 
flanks  ;  the  nostrils  are  much  widened  ;  the  nose 
and  head  held  out ;  the  neck  lengthened ;  the 
fore-legs  are  fixed  in  one  place,  and  spread  apart ; 
the  nose  and  eyes  have  a  dark  bluish  color ;  the 
face  looks  anxious  and  disturbed ;  the  legs  and 
ears  are  very  cold;  the  legs  seem  fine,  and  the 
hair  upon  them  glossy;  the  cough  is  more  fre- 
quent, hard,  and  painful ;  the  horse  seems  drowsy; 
there  is  no  appetite  ;  the  dung  is  hard  and  covered 
with  slime,  and  the  urine  high  colored  and  scanty. 

In  the  last  stage  the  pulse  is  small,  weak,  and 
can  scarcely  be  felt ;  the  breathing  is  quicker  and 


42     LIST  OF  SPECIFICS   AND  REMEDIES. 

more  difficult ;  the  breath  is  very  hot ;  the  eyes 
and  nose  ar«  lead  colored ;  the  skin  is  cold,  and 
clammy  sweat  breaks  out  upon  it  here  and  there  ; 
the  mouth  is  cold  ;  the  tongue  is  coated ;  the  teeth 
are  ground  every  now  and  then,  and  twitches  are 
occasionally  seen.  The  eyes  become  more  and 
more  heavy,  glassy  and  dim ;  the  strength  be- 
comes less  and  less ;  the  horse  leans  against  the 
stall  or  manger,  or  wanders  around  ;  he  staggers 
and  falls  ;  tries  to  rise,  but  can  not :  groans,  strug- 
gles and  dies. 

As  an  improvement  takes  place,  the  horse  ap- 
pears more  natural,  warmth  returns  to  his  ex- 
tremities, his  breathing  is  more  free,  pulse  softer, 
fuller  and  less  frequent,  cough  easier,  and  he  lies 
down  quietly,  and  without  uneasiness.  These 
good  symptoms  rarely  or  never  deceive. 

Placing  the  ear  against  the  ribs,  upon  various 
parts  of  the  chest,  we  may  learn  with  some  prac- 
tice to  distinguish  the  progress  of  inflammation. 
In  the  healthy  lung,  the  air  passes  in  with  a 
slight  rustling  murmur,  quite  characteristic,  and 
which,  once  heard,  will  always  be  recognized.  As 
the  lungs  become  inflamed,  "crepitation"  takes 
place,  and  we  hear  a  sound,  slightly  crackling, 
like  that  made  by  salt  thrown  into  the  fire,  or  by 
rubbing  the  hair  between  the  fingers  close  to  the 
ear.  As,  by  degrees,  the  lungs  become  more  in- 
tensely inflamed,  it  is  more  and  more  impervious 
to  the*  air,  until  it  becomes  "  hepatized  "  or  solid, 
and  makes  no  sound,  and  no  resonance  when  pre- 
cussed  or  struck  upon  These  changes  are  inter- 
esting, and  afford  to  the  practiced  ear  clear  indica- 
tions of  the  state  and  progress  of  the  disease. 

PROGNOSIS. — Horses  may  get  well  in  all  stages 
of  Pleuro-Pneumonia,  except  in  very  extensive 
hepatization,  when,  if  recovery  occurs  at  all,  it 


LIST  OF  SPECIFICS  AND   REMEDIES.     43 

will  be  imperfect.  The  success  has  gained  im- 
mensely under  Homoeopathic  and  Specific  treat- 
ment, and  hundreds  of  cases  are  thus  saved,  which 
would  be  lost  under  the  best  directed  old  school 
methods,  to  say  nothing  of  the  "  hotch-potch " 
usually  employed. 

TREATMENT. — Give,  the  first  twenty-four  hours, 
the  Specific  for  Inflammation,  No.  1 ,  a  dose  of  five 
drops  every  two  hours.  After  that,  give  the  Spe- 
cific for  Cough  and  Inflamed  Lungs,  No.  5,  alter- 
nately with  the  No.  1,  at  intervals  of  two  or  three 
hours  between  the  doses. 

Continue  this  treatment  steadily  and  uniformly, 
giving  no  other  medicine,  and  making  no  devia- 
tion. After  a  day  or  two,  the  medicines  for  Fever, 
No.  1,  may  be  omitted  entirely,  and  only  the  No. 
5  given,  us  also  after  the  disease  has  turned,  and 
during  convalescence.  After  the  horse  has  com- 
menced to  improve,  a  dose  of  the  No  5,  every  four 
hours  during  the  day,  will  be  sufficient  to  com- 
plete the  cure.  The  treatment  is  the  same  whether 
symptoms  of  Pleurisy  or  Pneumonia  predominate. 

Stabling  and  food  as  under  bronchitis. 

We  should  bear  in  mind  that  in  all  severe  cases 
of  this  disease,  resolution  does  not  take  place  un- 
der four  days,  and  if  an  improvement  takes  place 
in  one,  two  or  three  days,  we  should  be  satisfied. 
Rare  indeed  will  be  the  cases  that  do  not  termi- 
nate favorable  under  the  Specific  practice,  care- 
fully applied. 


44     LIST  OF  SPECIFICS  AND   REMEDIES. 


DISEASES  OP   THE  DIGESTIVE   OKGANS, 


DENTITION  OR  DIFFICULT   TEETHING. 

The  cutting  or  shedding  of  the  teeth,  and  espe- 
cially of  the  tushes,  is  sometimes  attended  with 
considerable  disorder  of  the  body.  The  animal 
either  will  not  eat  his  food,  or  he  has  pain  and 
difficulty  in  chewing  it ;  the  body  grows  thin  ; 
bowels  are  out  of  order ;  humors  may  break  out 
in  the  skin,  and  there  may  be  cough  and  slight 
fever  present.  The  gum  is  hot,  painful  and 
swelled. 

TREATMENT. — Give  the  Specific  for  Fever,  No.  1, 
five  drops  two  or  three  times  per  day.  This  soon 
relieves  the  feverish  irritation,  and  the  tooth  usu- 
ally makes  its  way  quietly  to  the  surface.  Nick- 
ing the  gum  directly  over  the  tooth  in  the  form  of 
a  cross  is  sometimes  beneficial.  If  the  teeth  are 
very  slow  in  coming,  showing  an  evident  defi- 
ciency of  bony  deposit,  an  oyster-shell  burned  to 
lime,  and  broken  or  ground  in  his  feed,  will  pro 
mote  the  growth  and  production  of  bone  and  be 
of  service. 


DISEASED  OR  IRREGULAR    TEETH. 

Sometimes  the  teeth  of  a  horse  present  irregu- 
larities. Some  of  the  teeth  are  too  long,  or  be- 
come ragged.  As  a  consequence,  the  tongue  or 
cheeks  are  wounded,  and  the  horse  eats  imper- 


LIST  OP  SPECIFICS  AND  REMEDIES.     45 

fectly,  has  pain,  drops  or  "  quids  "  his  food.  When- 
ever this  condition  is  found,  if  the  difficulty  does 
not  mend  itself,  the  long  teeth  should  be  extrac- 
ted if  loose,  or  filed  down,  and  the  points  of  the 
ragged  teeth  smoothed  off. 

Decayed  teeth  produce  similar  symptoms.  In 
addition  a  bad  smell  exudes  from  the  mouth  ; 
stringy  saliva  flows  away  in  large  quantities,  and 
the  eyes  may  be  inflamed.  If  allowed  to  remain, 
the  fang  may  become  diseased,  the  socket  and  gum 
inflame,  and  abscess  form,  and  a  portion  of  the 
jawbone  die.  If  in  the  upper  jaw,  the  matter 
may  burst  into  the  nose  and  be  discharged.  It  is 
of  bad  smell  and  color  and  has  been  mistaken  for 
nasal  gleet  or  glanders. 

TREATMENT. — Draw  out  the  diseased  tooth,  and 
give  the  specific  for  Inflammation,  No.  1,  and  that 
for  Nasal  Discharges,  No.  3,  alternately,  morning 
and  night,  a  dose  of  lour  or  five  drops. 


LAMP  ASS. 

Occasionally  the  bars  of  the  mouth  swell  and 
rise  to  a  level  with,  and  even  beyond  the  teeth, 
occasioning  soreness,  pain  and  difficulty  of  eating. 
It  is  most  common  in  young  horses,  in  connection 
with  the  cutting  and  shedding  of  teeth,  from  con- 
gestion and  the  extension  of  the  inflammation  of 
the  gums  during  this  process.  It  also  occurs  in 
old  horses,  for  the  growth  of  teeth  in  horses  con- 
tinues during  life.  Derangement  of  stomach,  or 
worms,  is  sometimes  connected  with  it. 

TREATMENT. — The  Fever  Specific,  No.  1,  may 
be  required  two  or  three  times  per  day  ;  a  dose  of 
five  drops.  This  will  soon  relieve  the  irritation 


46      LIST  OF  SPECIFICS  AND  REMEDIES. 

and  swelling.  Should  there  be  any  derangment  of 
the  digestive  organs,  a  dose  or  two  of  the  Specific 
for  Indigestion,  No.  10,  will  promptly  relieve  not 
only  the  derangement  of  the  stomach,  but  the 
Lampass  also. 

The  searing  of  the  bars  with  a  hot  iron,  as  is 
sometimes  practiced,  can  not  be  too  strongly  con- 
demned. It  tortures  the  horse  to  no  purpose,  ren- 
ders the  mouth  callous,  and  destroys  the  delicacy 
and  sensibility  of  a  part  upon  which  all  the  pleas- 
ure of  driving  and  riding  consists.  . 


CRIB-BITING. 

Much  has  been  written  upon  crib-biting.  It  is 
generally  regarded  as  a  vicious  habit,  but  is,  we 
think,  connected  more  or  less  intimately  with  a 
morbid  condition  of  the  digestive  organs.  The 
horse  stands  with  his  neck  bent,  lays  hold  of  the 
manger  with  his  teeth,  and  violently  sucks  in 
wind,  and  then  again  with  a  grunt  belches  it  out. 
It  frequently  occurs  when  eating,  and  the  food 
and  a  large  amount  of  saliva  is  either  again 
thrown  into  the  manger  or  upon  the  ground.  The 
habit  is  very  inveterate,  and  said  also  to  be  taken 
or  imitated  by  one  horse  from  another.  Wind- 
sucking  is  a  variety  of  the  same  thing. 

TREATMENT. — The  Specific  for  Indigestion,  No. 
10  should  be  given  daily  five  drops,  or  morning 
and  night.  Omit  for  a  few  days,  and  then  go  on 
again,  one  dose  daily.  In  many  cases  the  disease 
or  habit  may  be  cured  entirely — in  all  benefited. 


LIST  OF  SPECIFICS  AND  REMEDIES.     47 


LOSS  OF  APPETITE. 

Loss  of  appetite  or  diminished  appetite  is  but  a 
mere  symptom  of  some  more  general  affection.  It 
is  a  symptom  of  almost  every  disease,  and  espe- 
cially of  every  morbid  condition  of  the  digestive 
organs.  .  There  are  cases,  however,  in  which  this 
seems  the  most  prominent  symptom  ;  the  animal 
appears  well  in  every  other  respect  save  that  he 
does  not  eat.  The  teeth  should  be  examined,  and, 
if  needful,  corrected.  We  should  see  also  if  the 
throat  is  sore.  In  general,  it  will  be  found  con- 
nected with  a  morbid  or  unhealthy  condition  of 
the  digestive  organs,  and  will  yield  to  a  few  doses 
of  the  Specific  for  Indigestion,  No.  10,  five  drops 
morning  and  night. 


INDIGESTION. 

In  consequence  of  over-feeding,  bad  food,  sud- 
denly changing  the  kind  of  food,  working  the 
horse  too  soon  after  eating,  too  much  food,  or  bad 
and  uneven  teeth,  which  prevent  the  horse  from 
chewing  his  food  well,  the  following  condition  pre- 
sents itself: 

SYMPTOMS. — The  skin  has  the  condition  known 
as  hidebound ;  the  horse  sweats  easily ;  he  is 
weak,  and  can  not  work  so  long  or  with  so  much 
spirit  as  in  health  ;  he  is  thin  and  does  not  fatten; 
his  tongue  is  foul ;  mouth  slimy  ;  the  dung  is  dry, 
mixed  with  undigested  oats,  or  it  is  slimy  or  bad 
smelling  ;  the  water  is  variable,  scanty  and  thick, 
or  clear  and  abundant,  and  there  is  a  short,  fre- 


48     LIST  OF  SPECIFICS  AND  REMEDIES. 

quent  cough.  Sometimes  he  eats  very  greedily, 
and  at  others  will  eat  nothing  placed  before  him, 
or  will  take  one  kind  of  food  and  leave  another, 
or  he  likes  dirty  straw  as  his  bedding  better  than 
the  best  oats  or  hay,  or,  in  some  instances,  his 
morbid  appetite  leads  him  to  lick  the  wall  or  eat 
plaster  from  it. 

TREATMENT. — Correct  the  feeding.  Give  not 
too  much,  and  only  that  most  acceptable  at  first. 
Give  four  or  five  drops  of  the  Specific  for  Indiges- 
tion, No.  10,  morning  and  night.  Should  any 
roughness  of  coat  remain,  a  few  doses  of  the  Spe- 
cific for  Eruptions,  No.  9,  will  soon  correct  it. 


STOMACH-STAGGERS. 

The  cause  of  this  condition  is  excessive  reple- 
tion and  distention  of  the  stomach  with  undi- 
gested food.  It  occurs  also  from  weakness  of  the 
stomach,  bad  condition,  old  age,  eating  too  much 
dry  food  after  long  fasting,  violent  or  hard  work- 
ing immediately  after  a  full  meal.  These  causes 
prevent  the  digestion  and  passage  of  food,  and  as 
a  result,  congestion  to  the  brain  and  staggers. 

SYMPTOMS. — Are  similar  to  those  of  mad  stag- 
gers at  the  commencement,  and  are  principally 
known  from  each  other  by  the  manner  in  which 
the  disease  comes  on.  The  horse  is  found  dull 
and  sleepy ;  perhaps  still  eating  slowly  and  care- 
lessly ;  or  he  is  fast  asleep,  the  head  upon  the 
manger,  or  against  the  wall,  or  between  his  legs  ; 
the  breathing  is  slow  and  labored  ;  the  pulse 
slower  than  in  health ;  the  eyes  closed  or  nearly 
so;  slight  convulsions  occur;  the  nose  and  eyes 


LIST  OF  SPECIFICS  AND  REMEDIES.      49 

look  yellow  ;  lie  will  sometimes  paw  on  the  ground, 
look  around  to  his  flanks,  or  lie  down  and  roll, 
showing  that  he  is  griped  and  uneasy.  All  these 
symptoms  become  worse  by  degrees  until  the  ani- 
mal dies. 

TEEATMENT. — Give  the  Specific  for  Indigestion, 
No.  10,  every  two  hours  five  drops,  and  continue 
this  treatment  until  relief.  But  if  the  staggers 
increase  or  show  more  tendency  to  engorgement 
of  the  brain,  the  Specific  for  Staggers,  No.  1,  should 
be  alternated  with  that  first  mentioned,  and  the 
two  may  be  continued  in  this  manner  until  relief 
is  obtained.  If  the  dung  should  be  dry,  scanty, 
or  suppressed,  large  and  frequent  injections  of 
teped  water  will  be  of  graat  value. 


COLIC. 

This  is  one  of  the  most  common  diseases  of  the 
horse.  The  passage  of  food  along  the  bowels  is 
effected  by  the  alternate  contraction  and  relax- 
ation of  the  muscular  coat  of  the  intestines. 
Hence  it  is  easy  to  perceive  that  flatulent  or  ir- 
ritating food,  food  in  too  large  quantities,  large 
quantities  of  green  food  that  produces  much  gas, 
masses  of  hard,  dry  dune1,  or  sudden  chill  upon 
the  warm  skin,  all  may  produce  irregular  contrac- 
tions of  the  intestines,  and  hence  produce  pain 
and  colic.  Tumors,  worms,  and  stones  also  pro- 
duce the  same  result. 

SYMPTOMS. — In  colic  the  attack  begins  suddenly. 
The  animal  is  uneasy ;  he  shifts  his  position,  paws 
or  stamps  the  ground,  kicks  his  belly  with  his 
hind  feet,  looks  frequently  at  his  flanks,  groans, 
falls  upon  the  ground  and  rolls  about  violently,  or 


50     LIST  OF  SPECIFICS  AND   REMEDIES. 

lies  on  his  back,  in  which  posture  he  remains  for  a 
short  time  seemingly  quiet  and  free  from  pain. 
Soon,  however,  the  pain  comes  on  again,  even 
with  symptoms  oi  greater  intensity  than  before. 
He  throws  himself  wildly  about,  careless  of  the 
injuries  he  receives  during  these  moments  of  agony 
and  tossing.  He  grinds  his  teeth,  bites  the  man- 
ger and  looks  towards  his  flank  with  a  wild,  anx- 
ious expression.  If  he  improves,  the  paroxysms 
become  less  frequent  and  less  violent,  and  free 
intervals  longer,  until  entire  relief:  or  if  worse, 
the  pain  becomes  more  and  more  intense,  par- 
oxysms more  frequent  until  there  is  no  free  inter- 
val ;  inflammation  results,  the  ears  and  legs  be- 
come cold,  pulse  small  and  wiry,  and  the  animal 
dies  from  the  result  of  the  inflammation. 

Many  of  the  symptoms  of  colic  are  similar  to 
those  of  inflammation  of  the  bowels,  and  as  the 
latter  is  by  far  the  most  formidable  disease,  we 
will  endeavor  to  distinguish  them,  so  as  to  avoid 
mistakes. 

The  attack  of  colic  is  sudden,  while  that  of  in- 
flammation is  gradual.  In  colic,  the  pulse  is 
rarely  quickened  and  never  early  in  the  disease, 
while  in  inflammation  it  is  very  quick  and  small. 

In  colic,  the  legs  and  ears  are  of  the  natural 
temperature.  In  inflammation  they  are  cold.  In 
colic,  there  is  a  relief  from  rubbing  the  bowels 
and  from  motion.  In  inflammation  the  bowels 
are  very  tender,  and  motion  vastly  augments  the 
pain.  In  colic  there  are  intervals  of  rest,  while 
in  inflammation  there  is  constant  pain.  In  colic, 
the  strength  is  scarcely  affected,  while  in  inflamma- 
tion there  is  great  and  rapidly  increasing  weakness. 

Attention  to  these  peculiarities  will  enable  one 
to  distinguish  between  the  two  diseases,  and  to 
avoid  error  in  the  treatment. 


LIST  OF  SPECIFICS  AND  REMEDIES.      51 

TREATMENT. — We  have  the  Specific  for  Colic, 
No.  6,  a  remedy  which  rarely  fails  to  arrest  this 
disease.  Give  five  drops  on  the  tongue,  and  repeat 
the  doses  every  half  or  even  quarter  of  an  hour, 
until  relieved,  omitting  the  medicine  altogether, 
or  giving  it  at  longer  intervals,  as  soon  as  an 
amendment  is  perceived. 

If  the  attack  has  clearly  been  occasioned  by  an 
overfeed,  or  by  bad,  heavy,  or  indigestible  food,  it 
will  be  best  to  alternate  the  Specific  for  Indigestion, 
No.  10  with  that  for  Colic,  at  the  intervals  directed. 

So,  if  at  the  commencement  or  during  the 
progress  of  the  disease,  fever,  or  inflammatory 
symptoms  should  exist,  then  alternate  the  Fe  er 
Specific,  No.  1,  with  that  for  Colic,  at  the  intervals 
mentioned. 

Should  there  be  a  suspicion  that  Bots  or  Worms 
are  an  exciting  cause,  the  Worm  Specific,  No.  4, 
may  be  alternated  with  that  for  colic,  five  drops 
every  half-hour  or  hour. 

N.  B. — In  cases  of  colic,  the  greatest  danger,  and 
the  worst  possible  fault,  is  injudicious  haste  in 
giving  too  many  and  improper  things.  Thousands 
of  horses  are  killed  by  the  drugs  given  to  cure 
colic,  where  one  dies  of  the  disease  itself.  Give 
only  the  Specific  Remedies,  and  at  the  directed 
intervals,  however  urgent  the  case  may  appear. 


TYMPANITIS,  DRUM-BELLY  OR  WIND-COLIC 

This  is  merely  a  form  of  colic  characterized  by 
an  enormous  production  of  flatulence.  The  pain 
is  sharper,  the  animal  more  furious  and  violent 
than  in  ordinary  colic  ;  the  belly  on  both  sides,  is 
more  or  less  swelled  with  wind;  there  are  rum- 


'    52     LIST  OF  SPECIFICS  AM)  REMEDIES. 

I  bling  noises,  and  frequent  discharge  of  wind.  .It 
;  is  usually  the  result  of  eating  or  gorging  with 
|  green,  flatulent  food. 

TKKATMKNT. — Give  five  drops  of    the   Specific 
for  Colic,  No.  6,  every  half-hour,  or  even  more  fre- 
;    quently,  if  tin-  case  i>  very  urgent.     It  will  soon 
I    be  relieved. 


ENTERITIS,  INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  BOW- 
ELS, RED  COLIC. 

There  are  two  varieties  of  this  disease,  one  in 
which  the  external  coats  of  the  intestines  are 
inflamed,  and  attended  with  constipation  ;  and 
the  other  in  which  there  is  irritation  of  the  inter- 
nal mucous  surface  of  the  intestines,  and  attended 
with  purging. 

The  most  frequent  CAUSE,  is  sudden  cold  upon 
a  warm  perspiring  skin,  or  even  cold  drink,  when 
very  hot;  overfed  horses,  subject  to  long  and 
severe  exercise,  are  most  liable  to  it ;  stones  and 
hard  dung  in  the  bowels;  and  especially  colic 
badly  treated,  and  drugged  with  all  sorts  of  med- 
icines, often  terminates  in  Inflammation  of  the 
Bowels. 

SYMPTOMS. — The  disease  begins,  in  most  cases, 
with  dullness,  heavy  eyes ;  staring  coat ;  restless- 
ness and  moving  about  from  one  place  to  another ; 
the  pulse  and  breathing  are  both  quickened ;  no 
appetite.  Some  cases  begin  with  colic,  others 
with  shivering.  The  animal  paws,  kicks  and 
rolls  about  in  the  most  violent  manner  at  first ; 
often  strains  and  tries  to  pass  water,  but  either 
none  or  only  a  few  drops  come  away  ;  the  pain  is 
most  intense,  and  does  not  cease  for  an  instant, 


LIST  OF  SPECIFICS  AND  REMEDIES.     53 


and  is  increased  by  pressure  and  moving  about ; 
the  belly  is  hot,  tucked  up  and  hard,  unless  there 
is  wind  in  the  bowels,  when  it  will  be  more  or  less 
swelled ;  the  bowels  are  very  costive,  though 
small,  hard,  dry  masses  may  be  passed,  except  in 
cases  where  the  internal  surface  or  mucous  mem- 
brane, is  the  seat  of  disease,  in  which  case  small 
purging  or  bloody  stools  are  frequently  passed ; 
the  legs  and  ears  are  intensely  cold  ;  the  pulse 
small  and  hard;  and  sweat  in  the  latter  stages 
breaks  out  all  over.  Still  further  on,  the  pulse 
becomes  smaller  and  weaker,  until  it  can  scarcely 
be  felt ;  the  breathing  is  quick,  irregular,  and 
attended  with  sighs;  the  skin  is  covered  with  a 
cold,  clammy  sweat ;  the  eyes  seem  to  have  lost 
their  power  of  seeing,  he  becomes  very  weak,  and 
trembles  all  over ;  convulsions  come  011  and  death 
soon  follows. 

Consider  carefully  the  distinctions  between 
Colic  and  Inflammation,  as  given  under  the  arti- 
cle on  Colic. 

TREATMENT — As  early  as  possible,  give  the 
Specific  for  Inflammation,  No.  1,  five  drops,  and 
repeat  the  dose  every  half  hour.  After  the  animal 
is  somewhat  relieved,  continue  the  medicine  at 
longer  intervals.  If  not  better  in  two  hours,  the 
Specific  for  Colic,  No.  0,  may  be  alternated  with 
that  for  Inflammation,  at  the  intervals  men- 
tioned. This  will  be  especially  indicated  if  there 
should  be  frequent  small  purging  stools,  blood- 
stained or  otherwise.  After  the  inflammatory 
symptoms  have  subsided,  a  dose  or  two  of  the 
Specific  No.  10  for  Ihdiffestiffff,  will  complete  the 
cure. 

N.  B. — As  constipation  exists  in  inflammation 
of  the  bowels,  many  persons  suppose  it  to  be  the 
cause  of  the  disease,  and  resort  to  the  most  des- 


I 


54     LIST  OF  SPECIFICS  AND  REMEDIES. 

perate  means  to  remove  it.  This  is  all  wrong. 
Remove  the  inflammation,  and  the  bowels  will 
then  move  of  themselves,  while  the  balls  and 
cathartics  administered  during  the  inflammation, 
will  only  increase  the  difficulty,  and  even  prevent 
the  possibility  of  a  cure. 


PERITONITIS,     INFLAMMATION     OF     THE 
PERITENEUM. 

The  delicate  membrane  lining  the  abdominal 
cavity,  and  covering  the  parts  within  it,  is  termed 
the  periteneum,  and  is  occasionally  the  subject  of 
inflammation. 

It  not  unfrequently  follows  the  gelding  of  the 
horse,  especially  if  he  is  too  soon  afterwards 
turned  out  to  grass,  or  during  cold  or  wet  weather. 
Exposure  to  cold,  standing  in  drafts,  or  drinking 
cold  water,  may  produce  it ;  and  it  follows  a  stab 
in  the  belly,  or  a  rupture  of  some  of  the  viscera, 
and  the  flow  of  the  contents  into  the  abdomen. 

SYMPTOMS. — A  few  days  after  catting  the  colt, 
the  yard  and  sheath  will  be  found  swelled  and 
painful ;  little  or  no  matter  flows  from  the  cut ; 
the  animal  is  restless  and  uneasy :  the  belly  is 
painful  when  pressed  against,  and  swelled  with 
watery  fluid ;  the  legs  are  cold ;  the  bowels 
bound  ;  skin  is  rough  and  dry :  no  food  is  eaten  ;  if 
loose,  he  rests  his  hind  quarters  on  the  side  of  the 
stall ;  the  swelling  in  the  legs,  breast  and  sheath 
increases  ;  the  breathing  becomes  quick  and  pain- 
ful ;  the  pulse  hard,  quick,  and  by  degrees,  small 
and  weak.  These  gradually  become  worse  until 
the  animal  dies. 


LIST  OF  SPECIFICS  AND  REMEDIES.     55 

There  is  a  slow  form  of  this  disease,  as  follows : 
poor  appetite  ;  low  spirits  ;  uneasiness  ;  occasional 
pawing  the  ground ;  looking  at  the  belly  and 
groaning ;  belly  painful  when  pressed  upon,  and 
tucked  up,  quick  breathing,  small,  weak  pulse, 
bound  bowels,  awkward  way  of  walking  with  the 
hind-legs,  mouth  dry  and  bad  smelling,  body  thin, 
coat  staring  and  unthrifty,  urine  scanty,  weak- 
ness. As  the  disease  advances,  the  abdomen  fills 
with  a  water  fluid,  and  the  disease  terminates  as 
dropsy. 

TREATMENT. — From  the  commencement,  the 
Specific  for  Inflammation,  No.  1,  is  the  most  im- 
portant remedy,  and  may  be  given,  five  drops  ev- 
ery half  hour  or  hour,  during  the  more  urgent 
symptoms,  and  then  at  longer  intervals  for  the 
acute  form. 

If  there  should  be  purging,  alternate  the  Spe- 
cific for  Dysentery,  No.  C,  with  that  for  Inflamma- 
tion, No.  1,  at  intervals  of  an  hour,  and  then  less 
frequently  as  the  disease  improves. 

In  the  slow  form  of  the  disease,  the  alternate 
use  of  the  Specific  for  Indigestion,  No.  10,  and  that 
for  Colic,  No.  6,  three  or  four  times  per  day,  will 
be  found  most  effectual  in  preventing  a  termina- 
tion in  dropsy,  and  in  restoring  the  animal. 


DIARRHEA,   PURGING,   SCOURING,    LOOSE- 

NESS. 

Green  food  ;  new  hay  ;  worms  ;  excess  of   bile  ; 

cold  air  or  water ;  quick  work,  after  much  eating 

or  drinking,   may    produce  diarrhea.      So    does 

|    aloes,  or  other  purges,  which  may  even   kill   a 

horse. 


56     LIST  OF  SPECIFICS  AND    REMEDIES. 

SYMPTOMS. — Frequent  and  abundant  discharges 
of  slime,  and  dung  mixed  with  slime  ;  pain  in  the 
bowels,  causing  the  horse  to  paw  and  stamp,  look 
at  his  sides,  and  roll  about  violently  ;  his  face  is 
anxious ,  cold  sweat  breaks  out ;  his  legs  and 
ears  are  cold  ;  the  pulse  becomes  small  and  weak  ; 
the  breathing  becomes  quickened ;  body  wastes 
rapidly  and  alarmingly,  and  110  food  is  taken. 
Death,  at  times,  occurs  from  sheer  exhaustion. 

TREATMENT. — Give  the  Specific  for  Diarrhea, 
No.  6,  five  drops,  three  or  four  times  per  day.  It 
will  generally  promptly  relieve.  In  some  cases,  a 
dose  of  the  Specific  for  Indigestion,  No.  10,  will 
be  of  value. 


DYSENTERY  AND  FLUX. 

Dysentery  is  most  liable  to  occur  in  horses  in 
good  condition,  and  is  caused  by  a  change  of  food, 
and  overwork,  or  sudden  exposure  to  cold  and  wet. 

SYMPTOMS. — There  are  frequent  passages  of 
slimy,  bad  smelling,  fatty  matter,  like  "  molten 
grease,"  which  is  more  or  less  mixed  or  stained 
with  blood.  This  is  passed  off  with  much  strain- 
ing and  effort,  and  with  frequent  unsuccessful 
straining  or  attempts  to  effect  a  passage.  The 
mouth  is  hot  and  dry,  the  legs  cold,  and  breath- 
ing quick,  no  food  is  taken,  the  pulse  is  small  and 
weak,  there  is  great  thirst,  and  the  horse  becomes 
thin  and  weak.  Not  unfrequently,  in  straining, 
the  gut  is  thrust  out  of  the  fundament. 

TREATMENT.  —  Should  there  be  considerable 
heat  and  fever,  it  will  be  as  well,  or  better,  to  give 
a  few  doses  of  the  Specific  for  Feter,  No.  1,  at  in- 
tervals of  an  hour  or  two. 


LIST  OF  SPECIFICS  AND    REMEDIES.     57 

Then  give  tlie  Specific  for  Dysentery,  No.  6,  a 
dose  of  five  drops,  every  two  hours,  until  relieved. 
The  persevering  use  of  the  remedy  will  cure  all 
cases. 


j    JAUNDICE,    YELLOWS,    DISEASED    LIVER. 

Young  horses  rarely  have  diseased  livers,  but  at 
the  age  of  eight  or  nine  years,  the  disease  is  more 
common,  and  in  some  cases  quite  suddenly,  the 
covering  of  the  liver  gives  way,  and  symptoms  of 
fatal  peritonitis  appear. 

SYMPTOMS — Jaundice  or  Yellows,  is  more  fre- 
quent, and  is  marked  thus.  The  animal  is  dull, 
sleepy,  and  unwilling  to  move ;  he  eats  little  or 
nothing  ;  the  coat  stares  ;  the  urine  is  scanty  ;  the 
dung  dark  colored  and  in  lumps.  The  nose, 
tongue,  eyes  and  mouth  become  yellow,  from  the 
abundance  of  the  bile  in  the  blood.  The  dung 
becomes  mixed  with  bile,  and  covered  with  slime  ; 
the  urine  is  very  thick,  dark  colored,  and  full  of 
bile.  The  right  side  is  painful  when  pressed 
against,  and  the  horse  looks  towards  it ;  he  may 
be  lame  in  the  right  fore-leg,  or  paw  the  ground 
with  it.  These  symptoms  may  increase,  and 
cough,  quick  breathing,  and  full,  quick  pulse,  be 
added,  which  afterwards  becomes  quite  weak  and 
slow,  and  the  legs  very  cold.  He  then  becomes 
more  and  more  dull,  stupid  and  sleepy,  staggers, 
falls  to  the  ground  and  dies. 

TREATMENT. — Rarely  will  anything  more  be  re- 
quired than  the  Specific  for  Jaundice,  No.  10,  of 
which  a  dose  of  five  drops  may  be  given,  three 
times  per  day. 


58     LIST  OF  SPECIFICS   AND  REMEDIES. 

Should  there  be  heat,  fever,  or  inflammatory 
symptoms,  a  few  doses  of  the  Fever  Specific,  No. 
1,  will  be  proper,  not  merely  for  the  heat  and 
fever,  but  for  the  obstruction  of  the  liver  as  well. 
In  severe  cases,  these  two  remedies  may  be  alter- 
nated with  the  most  brilliant  success.  Give  five 
drops  every  four  hours,  alternately. 


COSTIVENESS,  BOUND  BOWELS. 

This  is  usually  a  mere  symptom  of  some  other 
disease,  upon  the  removal  of  which  the  costive- 
ness  disappears.  But,  sometimes,  in  consequence 
of  dry  food,  deficient  action  of  the  liver,  want  of 
exercises,  or  paralytic  condition  of  the  digestive 
organs,  it  may  require  attention. 

TREATMENT. — The  animal  should  have  regular 
exercise,  green  food,  or  bran-mashes  night  and 
morning,  with  but  little  oats,  heating  or  dry  food. 
Give  night  and  morning,  five  drops  of  the  Specific 
for  Indigestion,  No.  10,  and  the  condition  will  soon 
be  corrected. 


BOTS  AND  WORMS. 

Bots,  in  the  horse,  like  worms  in  the  human 
system,  have  usually  a  great  many  sins  to  answer 
for,  which  are  really  chargeable  elsewrhere.  It  is 
a  principle  in  the  economy  of  nature,  that  one  an- 
imal should  feed  upon  or  live  within  another,  and 
hence  every  animal,  and  almost  every  organ  also, 
has  its  peculiar  parasite  of  inhabitant.  Such  par- 


LIST' OF  SPECIFICS  AND   REMEDIES.     59 

asites  are  rarely  injurious.  In  an  unhealthy  con- 
dition of  the  system,  they  may  unduly  accumu- 
late, and  occasion  some  inconvenience,  but  they 
never  feed  upon  the  surface  to  which  they  are 
attached,  but  only  upon  the  contents  of  the  organs 
in  which  they  exist. 

The  history  of  the  bot,  the  most  formidable  of 
horse  parasites,  is  as  follows  :  Towards  the  close 
of  autumn,  the  female  gad-fly,  (octrus  epui,)  fixes 
its  eggs  upon  the  hair  of  the  horse's  legs,  by 
means  of  a  sticky  substance,  exuded  with  the 
egg.  By  means  of  the  horses  tongue  and  lips, 
these  eggs  are  carried  to  the  mouth,  and  so  on 
down  to  the  stomach,  where  the  eggs  farther  de- 
velope  in  the  form  of  grubs,  are  attached,  by 
means  of  their  hooks,  to  the  sides  of  the  organ, 
while  their  heads  remain  floating  in  its  fluids, 
upon  which  it  feeds.  Having  arrived  at  maturity, 
th<-y  are  separated,  pass  along  the  intestines,  and 
are  expelled  with  the  dung,  after  which  they 
again  burst  the  shell,  and  rise  in  the  summer  in 
the  form  of  the  gad-fly. 

SYMPTOMS. — Some  horses  are  supposed  to  suffer 
much  from  bots,  while  others,  in  the  most  perfect 
health,  have  an  abundance  of  them.  Often  there 
are  no  symptoms  to  indicate  their  presence,  but 

fenerally,  when  in  great  numbers,  the  horse  loses 
esh  and  strength,  until  he  becomes  a  skeleton, 
and  can  scarcely  move  about ;  he  has  turns  of 
griping  pains  in  the  belly ;  eats  and  drinks  greed- 
ily ;  the  oats  pass  off  undigested,  and  the  dung 
has  a  bad  smell.  The  only  sure  criterion  of  the 
existence  of  bots  or  worms  is  their  presence, 
hanging  about  the  anus,  or  mixed  with  the  dung 
of  the  animal. 

There  are  also  the  long  round  worm,  similar  to 
the  common  earth-worm,  and  the  small  pin-worm, 


60     LIST  OP  SPECIFICS  AND  REMEDIES. 

half  an  inch  or  more  in  length,  which  often  cause 
itching  and  uneasiness  at  the  anus. 

TREATMENT. — To  eradicate  worms  or  bots  from 
the  system,  give  five  drops  of  the  Worm  Specific, 
No.  4,  each  night  and  morning,  with  regular  and 
healthy  feed,  and  the  worm  symptoms  will  soon 
disappear. 

For  colic  or  belly-ache,  when  supposed  to  be 
from  bots,  give  three  or  five  drops  of  the  Specific 
for  Bots,  No.  4,  alternately  with  that  for  Fever,  No. 
1,  every  half-hour  or  hour,  according  to  the  ur- 
gency of  the  case.  A  few  doses  will  usually  re- 
lieve. 


LIST  OF  SPECIFICS  AND  REMEDIES.      61 


DISEASES  OF  THE  UKINAKY  OBGAffS, 


NEPHRITIS,  INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  KID- 
NEYS. 

The  kidneys  are  not  unfrequently  tlie  subject  of 
inflammation  in  the  horse.  It  may  be  induced  by 
powerful  or  repeated  diuretics,  such  as  saltpeter, 
which  is  a  most  dangerous  medicine  ;  or  from  hard 
and  long  riding  by  a  heavy  rider,  or  heavy 
weights ;  or  by  leaping  or  being  suddenly  pulled 
up  on  his  haunches,  the  inflammation  being  prop- 
agated from  the  lumbar  muscles  to  the  kidneys  ; 
or  by  exposure  to  cold  and  wet,  by  rain  dripping 
upon  his  loins  during  exercise,  and  especially  if 
these  organs  have  been  previously  weakened. 

SYMPTOMS-. — The  early  symptoms  are  those  of 
fever,  the  yulse  full,  hard  and  quickened, 
and  afterwards  becomes  small  and  weak  ;  the 
horse  looks  around  anxiously  athis  flanks  ;  stands 
with  his  hind  legs  wide  apart ;  is  unwilling  to  lie 
down ;  straddles  as  he  walks ;  expresses  pain  in 
turning  ;  the  back  is  somewhat  arched  ;  he  shrinks 
when  the  loins  are  pressed  upon,  and  there  is 
some  degree  of  heat  felt  there.  The  urine  is 
voided  in  small  quantities  ;  frequently  is  high  col- 
ored, and  sometimes  bloody  ;  and  there  is  frequent 
and  often  violent  effort  a  ad  straining,  but  the  dis- 
charge is  very  small,  sometimes  suppressed. 


62     LIST  OF  SPECIFICS  AND  REMEDIES. 

TREATMENT.— Give  five  drops  of  the  Specific  for 
Inflamed  Kidneys,  No.  8,  and  repeat  every  two 
hours. 

Should  there  be  a  very  high  fever,  great  heat, 
etc,  the  Specific  for  Inflammation,  No.  1,  may  be 
alternated  with  it,  but  in  general,  the  first  named 
Specific  will  be  quite  sufficient,  and  should  be  con- 
tinued at  prolonged  intervals  to  entire  recovery. 


CISTITIS,  INFLAMMATION   OF    THE   BLAD- 
DER. 

This  disease  is  usually  the  result  of  giving  diu- 
retics, saltpeter,  cantharides  or  similar  irritating 
medicines.  It  may  also  be  the  effect  of  a  cold  and 
exposure,  or  of  a  stone  in  the  bladder,  and  the 
disease  may  occupy  the  neck  of  the  bladder,  or  the 
organ  itself.  The  symptoms  are  similar  to  those 
of  inflammation  of  the  kidneys  ;  the  horse  makes 
frequent  and  painful  attempts  to  stale,  but  passing 
only  a  few  droys  of  water  at  a  time.  The  bladder 
cannot  retain  any  urine  from  its  excessive  irrita- 
bility, so  that  the  attempt  to  void  it,  is  constantly 
going  on,  The  urine  may  be  clear,  or  mixed  with 
mucous,  or  stained  with  blood. 

The  Treatment  is  the  same  as  for  inflammation 
ot  the  kidneys,  the  Specific  for  that  disease  being 
given  every  two  hours,  or  less  frequently,  accord- 
ing to  the  urgency  of  the  case.  In  some  cases,  the 
Specific  for  Inflammation  may  be  given,  but  in 
general,  the  remedy  first  mentioned  will  be  found 
every  way  efficient*  and  available. 


LIST  OF  SPECIFICS  AND   REMEDIES.     63 


HEMATURIA,  OR  BLOODY  URINE. 

This  is  usually  a  mere  symptom  of  some  other 
disease.  Blows,  or  a  violent  strain  of  the  loins ; 
some  kinds  of  irritating  plants ;  stones  in  the 
kidneys  or  bladder  ;  ulceration  of  the  bladder  ; 
Spanish  flies  given  internally,  or  administered 
as  a  blister — may  either  of  them  produce  bloody 
urine  as  a  symptom. 

The  symptoms  are :  discharge  of  urine  mixed 
more  or  less  with  blood,  or  containing  clots. 
When  the  blood  is  caused  by  some  disease  of  the 
kidney,  there  is  usually  pain  in  walking,  straddling 
of  the  hind  legs  and  an  awkward  way  of  walking. 
If  the  blood  comes  from  the  kidneys,  it  will  be 
intimately  mixed  with  the  urine,  but  if  from  the 
bladder,  it  will  pass  off  with  the  last  of  the  urine 
rather  than  the  first. 

TREATMENT.— Five  drops  of  the  Specific  for 
L  rinary  Diseases,  No.  8,  given  every  morning  and 
night,  will  generally  promptly  relieve.  If  depend- 
ent upon  organic  disease,  more  time  may  be  re- 
quired, but  the  remedy  is  the  same. 


RETENTION  OF  URINE. 

From  holding  the  urine  too  long ;  cramp  or 
spasm  of  the  neck  of  the  bladder  ;  stone  in  the 
bladder,  or  other  disease  which  prevents  the  blad- 
der contracting  upon  its  contents,  there  may  be 
retention,  and  the  animal  unable  to  voiding  urine. 

The  symptoms  are  similar  to  those  in  colic,  but 
characterised,  however,  by  the  horse  putting  him 
self  in  the  attitude  of  staling,  and  straining  with 


64     LIST  OF  SPECIFICS  AND  REMEDIES. 

great  force,  as  in  the  act  of  passing  water,  without 
any,  or  very  little  being  discharged.  This  symp- 
tom may  be  present  in  the  case  of  gripes,  the 
bladder  acting  in  sympathy  with  the  cramped 
intestine.  All  doubt  may  be  removed  by  inserting 
the  hand  into  the  rectum,  when  the  bladder,  if 
full,  will  be  found  large,  tense  and  full  of  water. 

TREATMENT. — A  few  doses  of  the  Specific  for 
Suppressed  Urination,  No.  8,  given  at  intervals  of 
two  or  three  hours,  will  not  fail  to  relax  the 
spasm,  and  afford  entire  relief. 

When  it  is  the  result  of  a  stone  in  the  bladder 
the  movements  of  the  horse  may  for  a  time  dis- 
lodge it,  but  an  entire  cure  will  only  be  effected 
by  an  operation,  for  which  a  veterinary  surgeon 
must  be  consulted. 


SCANTY  URINE. 

This  is  a  mere  symptom  of  some  other  disease, 
fever,  inflammation  or  other  morbid  condition,  or 
may  occur  naturally,  if  there  is  diarrhea,  loose 
bowels,  or  purging,  and  always  occurs  in  warm 
weather,  when  a  horse  is  severely  worked,  from  the 
large  quantity  of  fluid  exhaled  from  the  skin  and 
lungs- 

AT  few  doses  of  the  Specific  for  Scanty  Urination, 
No.  8,  will  soon  correct  the  condition,  so  far  as  the 
health  of  the  animal  requires.  The  Specific  for 
Indigestion,  No.  10,  is  likewise  efficient. 


LIST  OF  SPECIFICS  AND    REMEDIES.     65 


DIURESIS,  TOO  PROFUSE  STALING. 

In  consequence  of  bad  food,  such  as  kiln-dried, 
oats,  mow-burnt  hay,  or  of  such  medicines  as 
nitre  or  other  diuretics,  a  horse  may  have  an  ex- 
cessive flow  of  urine. 

The  symptoms  are  then  as  follows:  the  horse 
does  not  eat  much,  sweats  easily,  is  soon  tired,  the 
bowels  are  costive,  skin  dry,  and  coat  rough, 
tongue  white,  and  there  is  a  great  thirst.  The 
water  is  quite  clear  and  milky,  passed  often,  and 
in  large  quantities.  As  the  disease  advances,  the 
horse  eats  nothing,  he  gets  thinner  and  weaker 
every  day,  the  dung  is  hard,  lumpy,  and  covered 
with  sliuie,  the  hair  stands  on  end,  and  the  flow 
of  urine  becomes  enormous.  If  not  cured,  death 
soon  ensues. 

TREATMENT. — The  food  must  be  changed,  and 
none  but  the  best  given.  Change  of  food  is 
always  of  service  under  such  circumstances. 

Give  five  drops  of  the  Specific  No.  10,  for  Indi- 
gestion, five  times  per  day.  This  will  usually  be 
efficient ;  if  it  fails,  you  may  try  Phosphoric  Acid, 
third  attenuation,  the  same  dose,  three  times  per 
day. 


66     LIST  OF  SPECIFICS  AND  REMEDIES. 


DISEASES  OF  THE  PEET  AND  LEGS, 


FOUNDER  LAMINITIS,  INFLAMMATION  OF 
THE  FEET. 

This  is  one  of  the  most  frequent  diseases  of  the 
horse,  and  one  in  which  the  resources  of  the  Ho- 
moeopathic art  are  very  efficient.  The  sensible 
lamina  or  fleshy  plates  on  the  front  and  sides  of 
the  coffin-bone,  are,  like  all  other  vascular  struc- 
tures, very  liable  to  inflammation,  particularly 
from  violence  or  long-continued  action  of  the  part. 
Hence,  standing  long  in  one  position,  as  in  voy- 
ages ;  battering  or  bruising  the  feet,  in  severe  or 
long  journeys;  sudden  changes  from  heat  to  cold, 
or  from  cold  to  heat,  acting  directly  on  the  feet ; 
standing  in  snow  or  cold  water  after  a  journey  ; 
are  among  the  more  common  causes  of  this 
diseases.  It  sometimes  occurs  as  a  mere  transition 
of  disease  trom  some  other  part,  and  very  fre- 
quently from  excess  of  food,  or  indigestible  food,  or 
food  when  heated. 

SYMPTOMS. — The  disease  generally  begins  with 
a  shivering,  shaking  chill  ;  the  flanks  heave ;  the 
breathing  becomes  quick  and  labored ;  the  pulse 
full  and  frequent ;  the  horse  shitts  his  feet  from 
one  place  to  another,  lies  down  and  rises  fre- 
quently, but  does  not  paw  the  ground  nor  kick 
his  belly  ;  he  will  sometimes  place  his  lips  on  the 
fevered  feet,  as  if  to  tell  where  his  pain  is ;  he 


LIST  OF  SPECIFICS  AND  REMEDIES.      67 

places  bis  hind  legs  under  him,  as  if  to  take  the 
weight  of  his  body  from  the  fore-feet ;  he  moans 
or  groans  from  tbe  severity  of  the  pain,  and  at 
lasu  lies  down,  unable  to  stand  upon  the  inHamed 
feet.  The  feet  are  intensely  hot  and  painful.  If 
one  foot  is  taken  1143,  he  can  scarcely  stand  upon 
the  other,  and  may  tumble  down.  He  does  not 
like  to  get  up  from  the  ground,  and  is  moved  with 
difficulty  from  one  place  to  another.  Jf  the  dis- 
ease is  not  arrested,  matter  may  form  inside  the 
hoof,  which  is  then  thrown  off. 

The  disease  may  exist  in  a  more  chronic  form, 
coming  on  by  degrees,  and  eventually  resulting  in 
the  ruin  of  the  horse. 

It  is  more  common  to  see  it  in  a  milder  form 
then  the  first  mentioned,  presenting  the  following 
symptoms:  the  horse  is  feverish,  out  of  spirits, 
refuses  to  eat,  can  not  raise  his  limbs  without 
evincing  pain,  trails  his  feet  along  with  difficulty, 
can  not  readily  be  made  to  go  forward,  or  back- 
ward scarcely  at  all.  In  the  stable,  horses  bring 
the  four  feet  together,  and  there  is  no  little  diffi- 
culty in  making  them  relinquish  this  attitude. 

TREATMENT. — In  the  more  severe  cases,  the 
shoes  should  be  removed  from  the  feet,  and  the 
hoof  pared  down,  until  the  horn  yields  to  the 
pressure  of  the  thumb.  Give  the  horse  rest,  and 
allow  him  to  lie  ;  wrap  the  hoofs  in  cloths  soaked 
in  water,  and  renew  them  from  time  to  time.  If 
the  disease  is  from  the  feet  having  been  battered, 
bathing  them  with  Our  Liniment  will  be  of  great 
value.  In  some  cases  a  cold  poultice,  made  of 
mashed  turnips  or  corrots,  is  of  excellent  service. 

The  remedy  for  all  forms  of  this  disease,  is  the 
Specific  for  Founder,  No.  2,  of  which  a  dose  of 
five  drops  may  be  given  every  three  or  four 
hours,  in  acute  cases,  with  the  best  possible  ef- 


68     LIST  OF  SPECIFICS  AND   REMEDIES. 

feet.  Should  there  be  quite  high  fever,  the  horse 
down,  or  scarcely  •  able  to  move,  the  Specific  for 
Fever,  No.  1,  may  be  alternated  with  that  for 
Founder,,  No.  2,  as  often  as  every  two  hours,  and 
after  the  force  of  the  disease  has  abated,  the  Spe- 
cific No.  2  may  be  continued  alone  at  increasing 
intervals,  until  entire  restoration. 

When  the  disease  is  clearly  traceable  to  over- 
feeding, the  Specific  for  Founder,  No.  2,  and  that 
for  Indigestion,  No.  10,  may  be  alternated  from 
the  first,  every  three  or  four  hours. 

In  case  of  chronic  Founder,  the  Specific  for 
Founder,  No.  2,  should  be  given,  a  dose  of  five 
drops  each  morning  and  night,  and  the  treatment 
continued  for  some  time.  An  occasional  dose  of 
the  Specific  for  Indigestion,  No.  10,  will  be  useful 
as  a  constitutional  intercurrent  remedy. 


NAVICULAR  JOINT  DISEASE. 

This  disease  is  far  more  frequent  than  is  usu- 
ally supposed,  and  many  horses  are  ruined  by  it, 
the  lameness  being  generally  referred  to  the 
shoulder  or  some  other  part  not  at  all  in  fault. 

Behind  and  beneath  the  lower  pastern-bone  in 
the  heel  of  the  horse,  and  behind  and  above  the 
heel  of  the  coffin-bone,  is  a  small  bone  called  the 
navicular,  or  shuttle-bone.  It  is  so  placed  as  to 
strengthen  the  union  between  the  lower  pastern 
and  coffin-bone,  and  to  enable  the  flexor  tendon, 
which  passes  over  it,  to  be  inserted  into  the  bot 
torn  of  the  coffin-bone,  to  act  with  more  advan- 
tage. It  thus  forms  a  kind  of  joint  with  that  ten- 


LIST  OP  SPECIFICS  AND  REMEDIES.      69 

don.  There  is  a  great  deal  of  weight  thrown  on 
this  bone  and  from  this  navicular  bone  on  the  ten- 
don, and  there  is  considerable  motion  or  play  be- 
tween them  in  the  bending  and  extension  of  the 
pasterns. 

It  is  easy  to  conceive,  that  from  sudden  concus- 
sion or  from  rapid  and  over-strained  motion,  and 
at  a  time  \ihen,  from  rest  and  relaxation,  the 
parts  have  not  adapted  themselves  to  the  violent 
motion  required,  there  may  be  excessive  play  be- 
tween the  bone  and  tendon,  and  the  delicate  mem- 
brane which  covers  the  bone  or  the  cartilage  of 
the  bone,  may  become  bruised  and  inflamed  and 
destroyed  ;  and  that  all  the  painful  effects  of  an 
inflamed  and  open  joint  may  result,  snd  the  horse 
be  incurably  lame.  Numerous  desections  have 
shown  that  this  joint  thus  formed  by  the  tendon 
and  bone,  has  been  the  frequent  and  almost  inva- 
riable seat  of  these  obscure  lamenessess.  The 
membrane  covering  the  cartilage  becomes  in- 
flamed and  ulcerated  ;  the  cartilage  itself  is  ulcer- 
ated and  eaten  away,  the  bone  has  become  cari- 
ous, and  bony  adhesions  have  taken  place  between 
the  navicular  and  pastern  and  coffin-bones,  and 
this  part  of  the  foot  has  become  completely  dis- 
organized and  useless. 

SYMPTOMS. — The  degree  of  lameness  is  various  ; 
the  horse  may  show  lameness  the  first  hundred 
steps,  or  the  first  mile  or  two,  and  then  less  or 
scarcely  at  all ;  he  is  inclined  to  "  point "  or  keep 
the  affected  foot  in  advance  of  the  other  when 
standing ;  he  may  show  lameness  on  stone  or 
pavement  and  not  on  turf  or  ground  ;  if  both  feet 
are  badly  affected,  the  horse  favors  his  heels,  has 
short  action,  and  wears  away  the  toes  of  his  shoes, 
leaving  the  heels  undiminished  in  thickness ;  the 
hind-feet  may  be  kept  well  under  him  to  diminish 


70     LIST  OF  SPECIFICS  AND  REMEDIES. 

the  pressure  upon  the  fore-feet ;  in  the  stable,  lie 
is  mostly  lying  down  ;  heat  of  the  foot  and  heel, 
especially  the  heel. 

TREATMENT. — In  the  earlier  stages  when  there 
exists  only  irritation  and  inflammation,  and  no 
changes  of  structure  or  disorganization  have  vet 
occurred,  the  Specific  for  Spacin,  No.  2,  together 
wit  i  cold  fomenta'ions  kept  to  the  foot,  will  be 
found  sufficient.  Give  a  dose  of  five  drops  three 
or  four  times  per  day. 

In  the  more  extreme  or  advanced  cases,  the  sole 
should  be  pared  down  and  the  quarters  rasped, 
and  shoe  worn  without  nails  on  the  inner  quarter, 
to  unbind  as  far  as  possible,  the  imprisoned  bone, 
and  the  foot  kept  in  a  bran  poultice  until  the  heat 
is  allayed,  then  substitute  this  for  the  cold  fomen- 
tation, keeping  up  the  use  of  the  Specific  medi. 
cine,  No.  2,  as  above  indicated.  These  will  be 
successful  in  all  common  cases. 


In  securing  constant  and  imperceptible  atmos- 
pheric currents,  so  that  the  air  in  a  stable  never 
can  become  too  highly  charged  with  impurities, 
the  simplest  system  must  be  regarded  as  the  best. 

The  usual  source  for  the  egress  and  ingress  of 
air  should  be  so  disposed  as  to  preclude  the  possi- 
bility of  being  closed  by  wisps  of  hay  and  straw, 
cloths,  or  boards,  which  are  so  often  placed  in  win- 
ter against  every  perceptible  opening  into  a  stable. 

Wide  unprotected  ventilating  openings  are  ob- 
jectionable, except  so  high  above  a  horse  as  to  pre- 
vent direct  draughts  ;  and  even  then  they  are  often 
objectionable,  if  so  free  as  to  interfere  with  regu- 
lating the  temperature  of  a  stable.  The  theory 
of  admitting  air  by  holes  near  the  floor,  and  per- 
mitting an  escape  near  the  ceiling,  is  plausible, 
but  in  practice  \ve  find  such  air  holes  always  to 
favor  draughts,  and  especially  against  the  tender 
skin  of  the  horse's  heels. 

Ventilating  shafts,  and  a  variety  of  systems  to 
produce  air-currents  through  tubes  in  the  ceiling, 
fail,  as  a  rule,  in  securing  the  desired  object.  We 
have  insisted  on  this  point  for  a  long  time,  and 
have .  recently  been  supported  in  our  views  by  a 
report  on  the  ventilation  of  cavalry  stables.  The 
commissioners  state — "  When  the  shafts  are  pro- 
perly made,  the  action  of  the  law  of  difference  of 
temperature,  occasions  a  more  or  less  constant 


72  STABLE    VENTILATION. 

movement  upwards,  to  compensate  which,  fresli 
air  enters  the  stable,  and  so  the  amount  of  stag- 
nant air  is  diminished.  We  have  examined  a 
number  of.  stables  in  which  these  shafts  have 
been  introduced.  The  state  of  the  air  we  found  to 
be  better  in  some  than  in  others,  and  much  better, 
no  doubt,  in  all  than  it  would  have  been  in  the 
absence  of  the  shafts ;  but  the  results  generally 
show  that dt  is  a  mistake  to  construct  stables  on 
a  plan  which  renders  such  shafts  necessary.  There 
is,  no  doubt,  an  additional  movement  of  the  air 
effected  by  them,  but  it  is  questionable  whether 
any  particular  size  of  shaft  would  ventilate  such 
stables  sufficiently." 

The  recommendations  we  have  to  make  are  : 

First.  That  every  stable  should  be  constructed 
to  afford  about  1500  cubic  feet  of  space  for  each 
horse. 

Second.  That  in  stables  with  lofts  and  apart- 
ments above  them  there  should  be,  at  a  distance 
of  six  inches  from  the  roof,  sufficient  openings, 
protected  by  wire  gauze  or  perforated  zinc,  to 
insure  free  communication  between  the  internal 
and  external  air. 

Third.  In  the  absence  of  special  openings,  the 
windows  may  be  made  available  for  ventilating 
purposes  by  substituting  wire  gauze  or  perforated 
zinc  for  glass,  and  precluding  the  possibility  of  the 
apertures  being  blocked  up. 

Fourth.  In  stables  without  appartments  or  lofts 
above,  the  plan  suggested  by  the  commission 
appointed  to  report  on  ventilation  of  cavalry  sta- 
bles, may  be  adopted,  viz.r  ventilating  by  a 
louvre,  16  inches  wide,  carried  from  end  to  end 
of  the  roof,  affording  about  4  square  feet  of  venti- 
lating outlet  for  each  horse. 


STABLE   TEMPERATURE.  73 

Fifth.  Swing  windows  may  be  provided,  3  feet 
3  inches  high,  by  2  feet  6  inches  wide,  but  they 
are  not  to  be  depended  upon  for  regular  ventilating 
purposes. 

Sixth.  There  are  two  important  suggestions 
made  in  the  report  above  quoted,  which  refers  to 
the  ready  removal  of  excreta  contaminating  the 
atmosphere.  The  first  is,  that  impervious  paving 
be  used  ;  and  the  second,  that  all  drainage  within 
the  stable,  be  carried  away,  in  shallow  impervious 
open  drains,  by  a  rapid  slope,  to  the  outside  of  the 
stable.  Covered  drains  and  cess-pits  within  sta- 
bles, or  near  the  stable  walls,  to  be  discontinued. 


STABLE  TEMPERATURE. 

The  question  of  temperature  should  never  be 
confounded  with  ventilation.  Fresh  air  is  essen- 
tial to  animal  heat.  Horses  confined  in  a  hot  sta- 
ble, without  sufficient  air  to  breath,  have  staring 
coats,  and  suffer  cold.  Adequate  warmth  is  essen- 
tial to  health  ;  to  secure  it  we  must  have  an  absence 
of  cold  draughts  of  air,  and  stables  should  be  of 
moderate;  size,  so  tlfat  the  heat  within  them  may 
be  regulated.  Remove  a  horse  from  the  fields, 
where  he  can  move  about  to  keep  up  an  active 
circulation  and  a  proper  bodily  temperature,  and  it 
is  essential  to  regulate  the  heat  of  the  stable  in 
which  he  is  placed.  At  all  events,  if  it  is  found 
difficult  to  regulate  the  warmth  of  the  stable, 
horses  must  be  protected  by  adequate  clothing. 

The  proper  temperature*  for  a  stable,  is  about 
50°  Fahr. 


MILK    FEVER,   OR 


The  above  disease  is  of  frequent  occurrence, 
and  generally  attacks  the  best  and  fattest  cows. 
It  is  attended  with  great  fatality,  which  induces 
many  farmers  to  slaughter  the  animal  affected  as 
soon  as  the  disease  appears,  rather  than  run  the 
risk  of  losing  money  by  a  depreciation  of  her 
value.  The  old  method  of  treatment,  viz.,  bleed- 
ing and  giving  large  doses  of  purging  medicines, 
is  of  very  little  use,  and  often er  fails  than  cures. 
Almost  every  farmer  can  tell  of  cows  that  have 
dropped  after  calving,  but  he  will  remember  only 
a  few  that  have  risen  after  such  treatment.  Vet- 
erinary surgeons  who  practice  this  useless  method 
of  treatment  can  also  speak  of  the  unmanagea- 
ble nature  of  the  complaint.  Thus,  Mr.  Cart- 
wright,  of  Whitchurch,  Shropshire,  says,  in  the 
3rd  volume  of  the  Veterinarian,  page  451,  "  Al- 
though I  have  seen  at  least  a  hundred  cases, 
chiefly  in  this  town,  during  the  last  twenty-five 
years,  yet  I  am  almost  ashamed  to  confess  that  I 
cannot  recall  to  recollection  that  I  have  ever  cured 
a  single  case  ;  nor  have  I  ever  heard  of  a  case  be- 
ing cured  by  any  of  the  quacks  in  the  neighbor- 
hood." 


MILK  FEVER.  75 


Mr.  Wardle,  of  East  Sheen,  says,  in  the  abstract 
of  the  Proceedings  of  the  Veterinary  Medical  As- 
sociation for  1841,  page  155,  "Unfortunately  the 
majority  of  cases  that  have  come  under  my  notice 
have  proved  fatal." 

Mr.  Mayer,  jr.,  of  Newcastle-nnder-Lyne,  says, 
at  page  160  of  the  same  volume,  "  It  is  very  fatal, 
aiv.l  in  some  districts,  considered  so  incurable  that 
the  animal  when  taken  is  generally  destroyed." 

Mr.  Simonds,  professor  at  the  London  Veteri- 
nary College,  says,  in  the  same  volume,  page  160, 
"  It  seemed  to  be  the  very  acme  of  all  the  ills 
with  which  the  lower  animals  were  affected,  bid- 
ding defiance  to  all  varieties  of  treatment  adopted, 
and  terminating  almost  always  in  death." 

From  the  above  testimony,  then,  the  extreme 
fatality  of  the  disease,  when  treated  in  accord- 
ance with  the  old  system,  is  admitted  without  any 
hesitation.  The  two  parties  best  qualified  to 
know,  viz.,  veterinary  surgeons  of  the  old  school 
who  vise  the  remedies,  and  farmers  who  lose  their 
cows,  can  bear  witness  to  the  inefficiency  of  the 
ordinary  treatment. 

Causes. — There  are  certain  circumstances  which 
exercise  a  peculiar  influence  upon  the  body,  and 
make  the  cow  more  liable  to  take  this  disease 
than  she  would  otherwise  be.  These  are  called 
the  predisposing  causes.  Thus  fat  stall-fed  cows, 
which  give  a  large  supply  of  milk,  are  apter  to 
take  milk-fever  than  poor  cows ;  cows  are  more 
liable  to  drop  after  calving  at  the  fourth,  fifth 
and  six  periods,  the  latter  being  the  time  when 
the  disease  is  the  most  severe  and  dangerous  ;  one 
attack  leaves  a  liability  to  have  another  ;  the  com- 
plaint is  most  common  in  the  summer  and  the 
fall,  when  the  weather  is  variable,  etc., 


76  MILK  FEVER. 

The  exciting  causes,  or  those  to  which  the  com- 
plaint is  more  immediately  traceable,  are  the 
following :  Exposure  to  cold  or  wet ;  driving  the 
cow  a  long  journey  ;  giving  too  much  or  too  rich 
food  after  calving,  etc., 

Symptoms. — Milk  fever  begins  shortly  after  calv- 
ing, and  in  the  majority  of  cases,  within  twenty- 
four  hours ;  if  three  or  four  days  pass  over,  the 
cow  may  be  considered  safe  from  an  attack.  The 
following  are  the  symptoms  :  The  cow  refuses  her 
food,  or  eats  only  very  little  of  it ;  she  is  de- 
pressed, hangs  her  head,  and  looks  dull ;  the  horns 
are  hot ;  the  nose,  instead  of  being  damp  with  the 
healthy  dew,  is  hot  and  dry  ;  the  urine  is  scanty  ; 
the  bowels  are  confined,  or,  if  moved,  the  dung 
is  hard  and  lumpy  ;  the  pulse  is  quicker  and  fuller 
than  in  health  ;  the  breathing  is  quickened,  and 
attended  with  heaving  at  the  flanks.  To  these 
warning  indications  there  succeed,  with  more 
or  less  rapidity,  those  unmistakeable  symptoms 
which  are  perhaps  the  first  to  awaken  the  owner's 
attention.  The  milk  is  reduced  in  quantity  or  en- 
tirely stopped ;  the  eyes  glisten,  and  look  bright 
and  staring ;  the  white  of  the  eye  is  covered  with 
numerous  red  streaks,  or  it  is  of  a  leaden  color  ; 
the  eyeballs  are  thrust  forward  from  their  sockets, 
giving  the  cow  a  wild  and  somewhat  anxious 
expression  ;  the  hind  legs  seem  weak,  and  are 
separated  a  little  from  each  other  ;  she  appears  to 
stand  uneasily  upon  them,  first  rests  upon  one  for 
a  short  time  and  then  changes  to  the  other ;  this 
paddling  and  shifting  about  from  one  leg  to  its 
fellow  continues  until  the  difficulty  of  standing 
increases,,  and  the  animal  supports  herself  against 
the  wall  or  stall ;  she  does  not  chew  the  cud ;  all 
discharge  from  the  bearing  is  stopped  ;  the  calf  is 
neglected;  the  pulse  is  now  slower  than  before, 


MILK  FEVER.  77 

and  the  breathing  more  difficult ;  the  udder  is 
hard  and  swelled,  and  little  or  no  milk  can  be 
withdrawn  from  it.  Gradually  becoming  worse, 
the  weakness  in  the  hind  legs  increases  to  so 
great  an  extent  that  they  can  no  longer  support 
her ;  she  staggers  and  sways  about,  falling,  at 
length,  heavily  upon  the  ground  ;  she  tries  to  rise 
again,  and  may  or  may  not  succeed ;  in  either 
case,  she  soon  loses  all  power  of  getting  up,  and 
remains  upon  the  ground  in  a  helpless  state.  In 
this  stage  of  the  complaint  the  symptoms  vary  in 
different  cases.  In  some  cases  they  are — the  cow 
tosses  her  head  about]  from  one  place  to  another, 
writhes  her  body,  lashes  her  tail,  struggles, 
stretches  out  her  hind  legs,  moans,  bellows,  and 
appears,  from  the  expression  of  her  face  and  gen- 
eral behavior,  to  suffer  great  pain.  At  the  same 
time  the  breathing  is  difficult  and  labored ;  the 
skin  covered  with  clammy  sweat ;  the  paunch 
enormously  swollen,  owing  to  the  stomach  having 
entirely  or  partially,  lost  the  power  of  dissolving 
the  food,  which  now  undergoes  the  ordinary  chem- 
ical changes,  attended  with  the  giving  off  of  gas. 
.  Unless  the  swelling,  which  arises  from  the 
presence  of  this  gas,  subside,  the  breathing  be- 
comes more  and  more  difficult  and  labored,  so  that 
the  animal  can  scarcely  take  her  breath ;  the 
pulse  becomes  oppressed,  and  can  scarcely  be 
counted  at  the  jaw  ;  the  legs  become  very  cold ; 
more  severe  pain  is  felt ;  wind,  having  a  bad 
smell,  rises  up  from  the  stomach,  and  death  en- 
sues. 

In  other  cases,  again,  these  symptoms  are  alto- 
gether absent,  or  exist  only  in  a  slight  Degree ; 
the  more  prominent  ones  being  these — the  cow 
lies  stretched  out  full  length  upon  her  side,  or  her 
head  is  brought  to  the  opposite  side,  with  the 


78  MILK  FEVER. 


nose  towards  the  udder,  and  the  cliin  resting  upon 
the  ground  ;  or  the  head  is  twisted  directly  back- 
ward with  the  nose  held  out,  and  the  horns 
turned  upon  the  shoulder  in  a  most  awkward 
manner.  The  eves  look  dim  and  glassy ;  upon 
placing  a  light  near  them,  the  cow  takes  no  notice 
of  it,  and  does  not  move  or  shut  the  eyelids,  for 
the  power  of  seeing  is  lost ;  the  pupil  is  widened, 
in  some  cases  almost  round,  and  does  not  become 
narrower  when  light  is  held  before  the  eye,  as  it 
does  in  the  healthy  state ;  the  ears  hang  down  ; 
the  mouth  is  partly  open  ;  and  when  the  head  is 
raised,  the  lower  jaw  drops  down  ;  the  cow  has 
not  the  power  of  keeping  the  head  up  when  you 
raise  it  from  the  ground  ;  the  ability  to  swallow 
is  nearly  or  quite  £one  ;  she  has  lost  the  sense  of 
feeling;  the  breathing  is  still  difficult  and  at- 
tended with  rattling  in  the  throat ;  the  pulse  is 
weak,  slowr sometimes  stops  beating  for  a  moment 
or  two  and  then  goes  on  again,  and  in  some  cases, 
can  scarcely  be  felt  at  all;  the  horns,  legs  and* 
surface  of  the  body  generally,  are  cold  and  chilly  ; 
the  swelling  of  the  belly  increases;  the  udder  *is 
much  swelled,  hard,  and  sometimes  red  on  the 
outside;  in  some  cases  neither  dung  nor  urine  is 
discharged.  All  these  syni;  turns  become  worse 
and  worse  ;  and  if  it  resist  all  treatment,  death 
ensues,  generally  within  two  days  after  the  attack, 
and  in  some  cases  within  a  few  hours. 

TREATMENT.— The  symptoms  of  this  disease 
appear  so  suddenly,  and  run  so  quick  a  course, 
that  the  cow,  Mbotit  the  calving  time,  should  be 
narrowly  watched,  both  night  and  day,  in  order 
that  no»time  may  be  lost  in  opposing  the  com- 
plaint at  its  onset  by  the  proper  remedi;  s.  The 
delay  of  even  a  few  hours  may  se'tle  the  questi'-n 
of  the  cow's  recovery ;  the  disease  is  then  fully 


MILK  FEVER.  79 


developed  and  death  may  ensue  before  the  medi- 
cines have  had  a  chance  of  acting.  But  even  in  the 
advanced  stages,  the  disease  may  be  subdued.  The 
author  has  had  many  cases  of  recovery,  where  the 
butcher  was  in  attendance  several  hours  to  slaugh- 
ter the  animal,  when  at  the  point  of  death.  Still 
the  cow  is  much  more  likely  to  rally,  if  the  disease 
be  combated  as  soon  as  it  begins.  It  therefore 
behooves  every  farmer  to  be  prepared,  and  at  once 
to  give  the  medicines  when  the  complaint  declares 
itself.  The  remedy  is  Specific  No.  1,  to  be  given 
every  half  hour,  until  four  doses  are  given,  then 
once  in  two  hours. 

Attention  to  the  following  directions  will  enable 
every  cow-owner  to  decide  which  of  those  medi- 
cines is  th?  most  suitable  to  give  in  any  case  of 
this  disease.  He  must  first  find  out  the  symp- 
toms or  sufferings  of  the  cow,  that  is  to  say,  he  - 
is  to  inquire  as  to  the  pulse,  breathing,  milk' 
ch?wing  of  the  cud,  and  general  condition  of  the 
animal. 

In  the  first  place,  then,  supposing  the  following 
symptoms  to  be  present:  Refusal  of  food  ;  dull- 
ness and  depression  ;  hot  horns  ;  dry,  hot  nose ; 
scanty  urine;  confined  bowels;  quick,  full  pulse; 
hurried,  heaving  breathing;  wild,  staring  eye; 
stoppage  of  the  milk ;  wild  and  anxious  expres- 
sion of  countenance  ;  paddling  and  shifting  of  the 
hind  legs ;  eyeballs  thrust  out  ;  tossing  about  of 
the  head ;  struggling  and  uneasiness  of  the  whole 
body.  For  these  indications  of  the  disease  the 
best  and  most  successful  remedies  are  Specifics 
No.  1  and  No.  10.  The  author  believes  that  if 
they  were  given  as  soon  as  the  disease  becomes 
manifest,  almost  every  cow  would  recover. 

DIRECTIONS  .—Give  them  in  ten  drop  doses,  not 
both  together,  but  in  turns,  thus:  ten  drops  of 


80  MILK  FEVER. 


No.  1  in  a  wine-glassful  of  water  to  begin  with  ; 
then,  in  one,  two,  or  three  hours  after,  give  ten 
drops  of  No.  10  in  a  wine-glassful  of  water ;  then, 
after  from  one  to  three  hours,  give  No.  1  again  as 
before ;  then,  after  the  same.,  length  of  time,  an- 
other dose  of  No.  10,  and  so  on  as  long  as  neces- 
essary. 

In  the  second  place,  if  the  disease  advances  and 
the  symptoms  are  these :  enormous  swelling  of 
the  paunch  ;  frequent,  difficult  and  labored  breath- 
ing ;  gurgling  and  rattling  in  the  throat ;  slow, 
weak,  oppressed  pulse ;  cold  clammy  skin ;  ex- 
treme coldness  of  the  legs  ;  lashing  of  the  tail, 
tossing  about  of  the  head  and  writhing  of  the 
body,  showing  that  severe  pain  is  felt.  Then 
give  Specific  No.  6. 

DIRECTIONS.— Give  ten  drops  in  a  wine-glass 
full  of  water,  every  fifteen  or  twenty  minutes,  until 
the  swelling  goes  down. 

In  the  third  place,  if  the  symptoms  just  given 
remain,  and  the  last  medicine  has  had  the  effect 
of  lessening  the  swelling ;  if,  further,  the  cow  is 
in  the  sleepy  stage,  and  presenting  the  following- 
condition  :  insensibility  to  pain;  loss  of  power  of 
seeing,  of  swallowing,  etc.;  glassy  state  of  eyes  ; 
open  mouth  ;  inability  to  hold  up  the  head  when 
it  is  raised  ;  general  coldness  of  the  body,  etc., 
then  give  Specific  No.  3. 

DIRECTIONS.  —  Give  ten  drops  every  fifteen, 
twenty,  thirty,  or  sixty  minutes,  according  to  the 
violence  of  the  symptoms,  until  improvement  sets 
in  ;  then  lengthen  the  time  between  the  doses  to 
two,  three,  or  four  hours. 

In  the  fourth  place,  if  the  cow  has  recovered 
from  all  the  more  urgent  symptoms ;  if  all  traces 
of  fever  and  of  the  sleepy  stage  have  yielded  to 
the  foregoing  remedies,  but  the  animal  still  lies 


MILK  FEVER.  81 


on  the  ground,  and  is  unable  to  rise  up,  except 
perhaps  upon  her  fore  legs.  Then  give  Specific 
No.  10. 

DIRECTIONS. — Give  ten  drops  in  a  wine-glass 
ful  of  water,  every  four  hours,  until  the  cow  is 
well. 

In  the  fifth  place,  if  in  the  first  stage,  the  eyes 
are  not  bright,  staring,  and  thrust  from  their 
sockets  ;  if  the  udder  is  soft  and  flabby  ;  in  short, 
if  the  list  of  symptoms  show  that  the  head  is  not 
much  affected  as  yet,  give  Specific  No.  7. 

DIRECTIONS. — Give  ten  drops  in  a  wine-glass 
ful  of  water,  every  one,  two,  or  three  hours,  ac- 
cording to  the  urgency  of  the  symptoms. 


,RARY 

2RSITY   Olj 

OA1.IFOUNLA.J 


AN    ESSAY, 


The  word  condition  is  used  by  horsemen  in  a 
different  sense  from  that  in  which  it  is  understood 
as  applied  to  cattle  by  the  mass  of  farmers.  By 
condition,  the  farmer  often  means  a  high  state  of 
fatness  ;  the  horseman,  on  the  contrary,  makes  use 
of  the  word  to  indicate  the  greatest  health  and 
strength  produced  by  reducing  all  the  superfluous 
fat,  bringing  the  mere  flesh  into  clean,  hard  and 
powerful  muscle,  and  invigorating  the  lungs  and 
other  internal  organs,  so  that  they  may  promptly 
discharge  their  respective  functions,  and  suffer  no 
damage  from  uncommon  stress — the  whole  in  order 
to  the  animal's  performing  labors  and  sustaining 
a  continuance  of  action,  to  which  he  would  not  be 
adequate  without  such  special  preparation. 

By  the  Condition  of  a  Stallion  is  meant  the 
state  of  the  system  in  which  the  male  horse  should 
be  kept,  in  order  to  derive  from  him  the  greatest 
excellence  in  the  progeny. 

Too  many  persons  are  content  to  breed  their 
mares  to  a  horse  whose  figure  suits  them,  without 
regard  to  his  condition  The  mention  of  one 
prominent  instance  alone  will  be  sufficient  to 
show  that  good  condition  is  essential  to  the  pro- 
duction of  a  valuable  progeny.  A  remarkable 


ESSAY  ON  THE  STALLIOX.  83 

case  occurred  in  England  some  years  since,  in  so 
high  a  quarter  as  to  attract  public  attention,  and 
consequently  the  fact  of  the  account's  obtaining 
currency,  without  contradiction,  is  a  fair  evidence 
of  its  correctness.  The  Prince  of  Wales,  who 
afterwards  became  George  the  Fourth,  owned,  and 
was  in  the  habit  of  riding  as  a  hunter,  an  entire 
horse  et  unequalled  excellence.  In  consequence 
of  his  horse's  superior  qualities,  His  Royal  High- 
ness caused  a  few  of  his  own  mares  to  be  bred  to 
him  in  the  spring,  after  he  had  been  kept  in  the 
highest  condition  as  a  hunter  throughout  the 
winter,  and  the  produce,  on  growing  up,  proved 
every  way  worthy  of  their  sire.  When  his  Royal 
Highness,  as  Prince  Regent,  became  seriously 
engaged  in  the  cares  of  Government,  and  there- 
fore relinquished  the  pleasures  of  the  chase,  being 
desirous  to  perpetuate  the  fine  qualities  of  this 
stock,  he  ordered  the  horse  to  be  kept  at  Windsor 
for  public  covering,  provided  the  mares  should  be  of 
the  first  quality  ;"and  in  order  to  insure  a  sufficient 
number  of  these,  directed  the  head  groom  to  keep 
him  exclusively  for  such,  and  to  make  no  charge, 
with  the  exception  of  the  customary  groom 's-fee 
of  half  a  guinea  each.  The  groom,  anxious  to 
pocket  as  many  half  guineas  as  possible,  published 
His  Royal  Highness'  liberality,  and  vaunted  the 
qualities  of  the  horse,  in  order  to  persuade  all  he 
could  to  avail  themselves  of  the  benefit.  The 
result  was,  that  the  horse  being  kept  without  his 
accustomed  exercise,  and  in  a  state  of  repletion, 
and  serving  upwards  of  a  hundred  mares  yearly 
that  the  stock,  although  tolerably  promising  in 
their  early  age,  shot  up  into  lank,  weakly,  awk- 
ward, leggy,  good-for-nothing  creatures,  to  the 
entire  ruin  of  the  horse's  character  as  a  sire— until 
some  gentlemen,  aware  of  the  cause,  took  pains  to 


84  ESSAY  ON  THE  STALLION. 


explain  it,  proving  the  correctness  of  their  state- 
ments by  reference  to  the  first  of  the  horse's  get, 
produced  under  a  proper  system  of  breeding,  and 
which  were  then  in  their  prime,  and  among  the 
best  horses  in  England. 

Almost  every  observing  farmer  in  this  country 
has  remarked  'that  whenever,  within  his  knowl- 
edge, an  ordinary  work-horse  has,  by  chance  cov- 
ered a  tolerably  good  mare,  the  foal  thus  produced 
has,  at  maturity,  almost  invariably  become  a  bet- 
ter animal  than  it  was  expected  to  be,  and  in 
many  cases  proved  quite  superior  to  the  get  of  the 
high-priced  and  highly  pampered  stallions  of  the 
neighborhood.  What  was  the  cause  of  this? 
Condition.  The  work-horse,  by  constant  and 
severe  exercise,  was  brought  into  health  and 
strength,  and  his  stock  partook  of  the  state  of  his 
system  at  the  time  of  copulation.  Why  is  it  that 
many  experienced  farmers,  after  having  tried  the 
best  stallion  within  their  knowledge,  frequently 
resort  to  the  keeping  of  one  of  their  own  colts  or 
farm-horses  entire,  for  the  service  of  their  mares, 
and  actually  obtain  as  large  and  as  good  and  sale- 
able stock  from  such  a  one,  as  that  from  the  pub- 
lic stallions  of  far  superior  size,  form,  blood,  and 
all  other  qualities,  except  this  indispensable  con- 
dition f 

It  may  be  stated  that,  generally,  whenever  the 
get  of  a  stallion  has  proved,  at  maturity  to  be  of 
remarkable  excellence  comparatively  with  the 
sire,  such  horse  has  been,  at  and  previously  to  the 
time  of  getting  such  valuable  stock,  kept  without 
pampering,  without  excessive  sexual  service,  and 
with  a  good  share  of  exercise  or  labor. 

To  show  the  effect  of  a  peculiar  state  of  the  sys- 
tem in  the  parents  at  the  time  of  the  cop- 
ulation, instances  may  be  cited  from  various 


ESSAY  ON  THE  STALLION.  85 

sources.  We  will  content  ourselves  with  two — 
and  first  take  a  lamentable  case  in  the  human 
species  as  given  in  the  valuable  work  on  the 
"  Constitution  of  Man,"  by  George  Combe : 

"In  the  summer  of  1827,  the  practitioner  alluded 
to,  was  called  upon  to  visit  professionally  a  young 
woman  in  the  immediate  neighborhood,  who  was 
safely  delivered  of  a  male  child.  As  the  parties 
appeared  to  be  respectable,  he  made  some  inquiries 
regarding  the  absence  of  the  child's  father,  when 
the  old  women  told  him  that  her  daughter  was 
still  unmarried  ;  that  the  child's  father  belonged 
to  a  regiment  in  Ireland  ;  that  last  autumn  he  had 
obtained  leave  of  absence  to  visit  his  friends  in 
this  part  of  the  country,  and  that,  on  the  eve  of 
his  departure  to  join  his  regiment,  an  entertain- 
ment was  given,  at  which  her  daughter  attended. 
During  the  whole  evening  she  and  the  soldier  had 
danced  and  sung  together;  when  heated  by  the 
toddy  and  the  dance,  they  left  the  cottage,  and 
after  the  lapse  of  an  hour,  were  found  together  in 
the  glen,  in  a  state  of  utter  insensibility,  from  the 
effects  of  their  former  festivity ;  and  the  conse- 
quence of  this  interview  was  the  birth  of  an  idiot. 
He  is  now  nearly  six  years  of  age,  and  his  mother 
does  not  believe  that  he  is  able  to  recognize  either 
herself  or  any  other  individual.  He  is  quite 
incapable  of  making  signs  whereby  his  wants  can 
be  made  known,  with  this  exception,  that  when 
hungry  he  gives  a  wild  shriek.  This  is  a  case 
upon  which  it  would  be  painful  to  dwell,  and  I  shall 
only  remark  that  the  parents  are  both  intelligent, 
and  that  th  $  fatal  result  cannot  otherwise  be 
accounted  for  than  by  the  almost  total  prostration 
or  eclipse  ot  the  intellect  of  both  parties  from 
intoxication." 


86  ESSAY  ON  THE  STALLION. 

For  another  instance  of  a  peculiar  constitution 
derived  from  a  parent  at  the  time  of  copulation, 
and  owing  to  a  temporary  excitement  of  the  ani- 
mal, a  respectable  farmer,  related  to  the  writer  of 
this  essay  that  he  witnessed  the  effect  of  pain  and 
nervous  agitation  on  a  stallion,  just  before  the 
moment  of  covering,  in  the  production  of  a  wild, 
timid,  violent  and  worthless  colt.  The  sire  was  in 
repute  as  one  of  the  best  horses  ever  kept  in  the 
district ;  and  his  stock  afterward  justified  the 
opinion.  The  groom  became  angry  and  beat  him 
in  his  stall  in  a  cruel  manner,  and  then  led  him 
out  and  allowed  him  to  cover  the  mare,  which  was 
one  of  a  perfectly  quiet  and  orderly  temper.  The 
consequence  wras  the  production  of  an  animal 
totally  valueless,  as  above  mentioned. 

That  the  doctrine  here  held  is  no  "now  thing  under 
the  sun,"  is  evident  from  many  venerated  authors. 
Plutarch  says,  "  Tiie  advice  which  I  am  now  about 
to  give,  is  indeed  no  other  than  what  hath  been 
given  by  those  who  have  undertaken  this  argu- 
ment before  me.  You  will  ask  me  what  is  that  ? 
'Tis  this,  that  no  man  keep  company  with  his 
wife  for  issue  sake,  but  when  he  is  sober — as  not 
having  before  either  drunk  any  wine,  or,  at  least, 
not  to  such  a  quantity  as  to  distemper  him ;  for 
they  usually  prove  wine-bibbers  and  drunkards, 
whose  parents  begot  them  when  they  were  drunk  ; 
wherefore  Diogenes  said  to  a  stripling  somewhat 
crack-brained  and  half-witted,  '  Surely,  young  man, 
thy  father  begot  the  when  he*was>  drunk  ? '  " 

Shakspeare  intimates  the  same  belief  in  making 
a  hero  insult  his  enemy  with  the  taunt, 
"  For  ye  were  got  in  fear." 

On  no  other  known  principle  than  this  condition, 
or  a  peculiar  state  of  the  system  at  and  before  the 
time  of  copulation,  can  be  explained  the  important 


ESSAY  ON  THE  STALLION.  87 

fact  which  forms  at  once  a  criterion  of  skill  in  the 
scientific  breeder,  and  a  stumbling-block  to  the 
ignorant  and  unreasonable  one,  who  would  expect 
success  without  giving  himself  the  trouble  of  inves- 
tigating the  natural  laws  which  govern  the  subject 
of  his  operations  :  such  a  person  is  too  apt  to  argue 
within  himself,  that  because  the  same  parents  at 
different  times  produce  offspring  of  opposite  char- 
acteristics, there  can  be  no  certain  rules  by  which 
to  create  determinate  qualities  in  the  progeny : 
such  a  one  would  maintain  that,  because  all  the 
children  of  one  married  couple  are  usually  some- 
what different  in  characteristics  from  each  other, 
there  can  be  no  means  of  predicting  with  an  ap- 
proach to  certainty,  the  qualities  to  be  produced 
in  the  offspring  by  a  particular  sexual  intercourse. 
Now  this  laic  of  condition  accounts  for  the  differ 
ence  between  individuals  produced  at  several 
births  from  the  same  parents.  The  case  of  twins, 
in  the  human  species,  serves  to  strengthen  this 
argument,  inasmuch  as  the  two  persons  produced 
at  one  birth,  usually  bear  a  close  resemblance  to 
each  other,  in  all  respects. 

It  is  well  known  that  ideal  impressions  on  the 
female  parent,  subsequent  to  conception,  fre- 
quently take  permanent  effect  on  the  offspring 
That  such  causes  do  not  usually  give  the  leading 
characteristics  to  the  progeny,  is  evident  from 
these  considerations : 

1st.  The  consequences  of  such  impressions  on 
the  female,  are  usually  somewhat  of  an  unnatural 
or  monstrous  order,  being  different  from  the  traits 
of  either  parent,  and  from  the  common  nature  of 
the  variety  to  which  the  animals  belong. 

2d.  It  is  a  settled  point  with  breeders  that  the 
progeny  is  more  strongly  characterized  by  the 
traits  of  the  male  than  by  those  of  the  female 


88  ESSAY  ON  THE  STALLION. 

parent.  This  fact  is  well  known  ;  and  indeed  it 
can  hardly  be  expected  otherwise  than  that  the 
sex  which  bears  so  much  the  stronger  impress  of 
character,  should  impart  the  more  visible  resem- 
blance to  the  offspring. 

3d.  It  is  an  ascertained  law  of  Nature,  that  pecu- 
liarities of  climate,  food,  occupation  and  most 
other  circumstances  affecting  the  well  being  of 
an  animal,  produce  in  its  constitution  a  change 
such  as  is  necessary  for  the  welfare  of  the  species ; 
and  that  this  proceeds  throughout  many  genera- 
tions, until  the  animal  becomes  completely 
adapted  to  the  circumstances  of  its  existence. 
[The  same  thing  occurs  in  the  vegetable  kingdom.] 

This  last  consideration,  of  the  gradually  altered 
state  of  an  animal  through  successive  generations, 
is  a  strong  instance  of  the  effect  of  condition  ;  and 
it  is  by  a  regard  to  this  invariable  law  of  Nature, 
of  self-adaptation  to  circumstances,  that  the  culti- 
vation or  improvement  of  any  breed  is  to  be 
effected.  "  Hence  the  most  acid  and  worthless 
grape  is,  by  skillful  culture,  rendered  sweet  and 
luscious,  flowers  without  attraction  are  gradually 
nurtured  into  beauty  and  fragrance  ;  the  cat  may 
be  made  to  present  all  the  rich  colors  of  the  tor- 
toise-shell, and  the  pigeon  may  be  'bred  to  a 
feather.'  " 

Let  us  now  endeavor  to  deduce  a  useful,  practical 
conclusion  from  the  foregoing  arguments.  If  our 
doctrine  be  correct,  the  horse  breeder  will  depend 
upon  the  condition  of  the  stallion,  in  order  to  the 
producing  of  valuable  stock  from  him,  as  well  as 
upon  his  other  qualities  of  pedigree,  speed,  action, 
bottom,  wind,  temper,  spirit,  form,  style,  size, 
color,  etc. 

The  next  practical  question  is  how  this  condi- 
tion is  to  be  attained,  and  how  the  animal  is  to  be 


ESSAY  ON  THE  STALLION.  89 

kept  at  the  required  standard  in  this  respect.  The 
requisite  condition  can  only  be  attained  by  training 
for  health  and  strength  in  a  great  measure  accord- 
ing to  the  system  of  training  for  races  :  supplying 
an  abundant  nourishment  of  the  best  quality, 
allowing  sufficient  periods  of  repose  for  digestion, 
and  giving  regular  and  strong  exercise,  the  whole 
with  such  variations  as  only  experience  and  close 
observation,  under  constant  practice,  can  dictate. 

The  aptitude  of  an  animal  to  benefit  by  training 
is  often  inherited,  like  other  qualities,  from  its 
parantage ;  and  judicious  breeding,  alone  can 
insure  a  continuance  of  the  desirable  quality,  or 
create  a  propensity  for  it  by  proper  crossing,  when 
it  does  not  exist  in  the  parent. 

The  age  at  which  the  horse  is  best  adapted  to 
undergo  a  course  of  training,  is  just  at  the  close 
of  his  most  rapid  period  of  growth,  while  the  sys- 
tem is  in  its  greatest  freshness  and  vigor.  This 
period  is  at  about  five  years  old.  The  powers  of 
a  horse  will  augment  by  suitable  treatment  in  this 
respect  until  about  the  age  of  nine  years  :  and  in 
order  to  obtaining  the  most  valuable  stock,  a  stal- 
lion should  not  be  put  to  service  before  attaining 
a  full  development  of  his  powers,  nor  kept  at  it 
after  his  form  or  energies  appear  to  be  affected  for 
the  worse.  He  should  be,  then,  between  five  and  fif- 
teen years  of  age,  if  of  an  ordinary  constitution ; 
but  if  of  remarkable  energy  and  endurance,  and 
exhibiting  no  symptoms  of  debility,  may  be  con- 
tinued until  past  twenty. 

Trainers  find  their  endeavors  to  produce  the 
highest  state  of  strength,  in  an  animal,  greatly 
impeded  by  any  excitement  of  the  sexual  appe- 
tite. It  is  then  the  more  necessary  to  keep  the 
horse  in  a  state  of  training  throughout  the  year, 
impressing  most  forcibly  a  tone  of  health  and 


90  ESSAY    ON   THE  STALLION. 

strength  upon  his  system  at  the  time  when  his 
nerves  are  liable  to  the  least  distraction  ;  and  con- 
tinuing the  course  carefully  throughout  the  sea- 
son of  copulation  ;  never  allowing  such  excess  of 
service,  or  of  the  excitement  of  sexual  appetite, 
as  to  induce  a  disturbance  of  spirit  or  temper,  or 
a  relapse  from  the  most  thoroughly  strong,  healthy 
and  regular  tone  of  the  system. 

G.  B. 


wjw0n 


The  Horse — One  of  the  noblest  and  most  useful 
animals,  affords  us  countless  advantages ;  it  was 
tamed  and  domesticated  at  an  early  period  in  the 
world's  history,  and,  by  culture,  the  wild  horse 
which,  in  its  original  condition,  was  fallow,  covered 
with  long  hair,  and  resembling  the  ass  in  shape,  has 
been  transformed  into  a  beautiful  animal  which  is 
now  spread  all  over  the  globe,  although  existing 
in  a  variety  of  races. 

The  price  of  a  horse  depending  upon  his  age, 
increasing  with  his  growth  and  with  the  attain- 
ment of  his  full  strength,  and  decreasing  again 
with  his  decline,  it  is  of  great  importance  to  be 
able  to  ascertain  the  horse's  age  as  nearly  as  pos- 
sible. 


AGE  OF  THE  HORSE. 

It  is  judged  from  his  teeth,  and  from  certain  ex- 
ternal characters,  the  marks  on  the  teeth,  hair, 
etc.  A  few  days  after  birth  the  foal  cuts  four 
front  teeth,  two  above  and  two  below;  and  shortly 
after  four  more  on  each  side,  adjoining  the  former. 


92      PRECAUTIONS  IN  BUYING  A  HORSE 

Up  to  the  age  of  nine  months,  the  horse  cuts  four 
additional  teeth  in  the  same  order,  and  these 
twelve  teeth  are  termed  milk  teeth.  At  the  age  of 
two  and  a  half  to  three  years,  the  animal  sheds 
the  first  four  milk  teeth,  and  four  somewhat 
darker  colored  teeth,  termed  incisors  take  their 
places.  At  three  years  and  a  halt  or  four,  the  up- 
per and  lower  two  milk  teeth  adjoining  the  former, 
fall  out  and  four  permanent  middle  or  central 
teeth  grow  out  instead.  At  this  age  stallions  cut 
their  canine  teeth,  which  begin  to  lose  their  sharp 
edges  when  the  horse  is  six  years  old,  and  at  the 
age  of  ten,  have  become  quite  blunted.  In  mares 
the  corner  teeth  are  either  wanting  or  they  are 
very  short.  The  last  milk  teeth  are  shed  at  four 
and  a  half  or  five  years,  and  are  replaced  by  the 
corner  teeth.  From  this  period  the  age  of  the 
horse  is  judged  from  depressions  on  the  perma- 
nent teeth  termed  marks.  The  older  the  horse 
the  more  the  marks  become  worn  and  effaced  ; 
and,  inasmuch  as  the  lower  jaw  is  used  more  than 
the  upper,  the  marks  on  the  lower  teeth  are  ob- 
literated sooner  than  those  on  the  upper.  At  five 
and  a  half  or  six  years,  the  marks  on  the  lower 
canine  teeth  are  entirely  effaced  ;  at  six  and  a 
half  or  seven  years,  they  disappear  on  both  the 
lower  central  teeth;  at  seven  and  a  half  to  eight  years 
on  the  lower  corner  teeth.  At  eight  and  a  half  or 
nine,  the  marks  on  the  two  upper  incisors  become 
obliterated ;  at  nine  and  a  half  to  ten  years,  they 
disappear  on  the  two  middle  teeth ;  at  ten  and  a 
half  to  eleven,  on  the  two  corner  teeth ;  at  eleven 
to  fifteen  both  the  upper  and  lower  middle  and 
corner  teeth  become  blunted  and  triangular.  At 
fifteen  to  twenty  all  the  middle  and  corner  te^th 
become  flat,  and  obliquely  inclined  towards  the 
muzzle  ;  they  look  yellow  and  are  covered  with 


I          PRECAUTIONS  IN  BUYING  A  HORSE      93 

sordes.  At  the  age  of  twenty  and  upwards,  the 
teeth  become  more  and  more  flattened,  worn  even 
as  far  as  the  alveoli,  and  completely  oblique. 
Other  signs  by  which  we  recognize  an  advanced 
age  of  the  horse,  are  sinking  of  the  orbits,  white- 
ness of  the  hair,  especially  about  the  head,  long 
and  gray  hairs  in  the  eyebrows,  rough  and  uneven 
hoof's,  etc.  The  horse*  may  live  to  "thirty  years 
and  upwards. 


PRECAUTIONS  IN  BUYING  A  HORSE. 

In  buying  a  horse,  the  greatest  precaution  is 
necessary  lest  the  purchaser  should  be  cheated  ; 
for  every  part  of  the  horse's  body  is  liable  to  de- 
fects and  derangements.  It  behooves  us,  there- 
fore in  examining  a  horse,  not  to  be  in  too  great  a 
hurry  especially  if  we  have  to  deal  with  cunning 
and  bold  dealers,  or  jockeys  who  know  how  to  dis- 
guise the  faults,  peculiarities  and  age  of  the  horse, 
and  who  manage  to  deceive  the  purchaser  by  all 
sorts  of  tricks. 

The  horse  should  be  examined  in  the  stable, 
whether  he  is  gay  and  sprightly,  from  which  we 
may  infer  the  enjoyment  of  good  health;  or 
whether  he  is  sad  and  the  head  is  hanging  down 
under  the  crib,  which  would  show  internal  dis- 
ease. Fodder  should  be  placed  before  him,  which 
he  must  eat  with  a  good  appetite,  without  biting 
the  crib  ;  nor  should  any  morbid-looking  slime  re- 
main adhering  to  the  crib. 

The  eye  should  be  examined  in  the  stable  near 
the  open  door,  where  the  horse  has  to  be  con- 
ducted. The  eye  must  be  bright  and  clear  ;  in  the 


94      PRECAUTIONS  IX  BUYING  A  HORSE 

dark  the  pupil  lias  to  dilate  and  to  contract  again 
in  the  light;  the  best  way  to  find  this  out  is  by 
holding  the  hand  over  the  horse's  eye  and  then 
suddenly  removing  it,  in  consequence  ol  which  the 
sudden  action  of  the  bright  light  will  cause  the 
pupil  to  contract.  The  little  funguses  which  are 
located  in  the  anterior  corners  of  the  eyes,  must 
not  c:>ver  the  pupils.  If  the  eye  is  not  possessed 
of  these  requisites,  we  may  conclude  that  it  is 
diseased. 

Amaurosis  is  a  peculiar  defect  of  the  sight, 
which  is  only  known  to  connoisseurs.  This  is  a 
complete  loss  of  sight,  with  immobility  and  per- 
manent contraction  of  the  pupil,  although  the  eye 
looks  bright  and  clear.  As  regards  the  parts  sur- 
rounding the  eye,  the  lids  must  be  free  from  ulcer- 
ation,  the  canthia  and  lachrymal  bones  must  not 
exhibit  any  bald  spots,  and  the  orbits  must  be 
lean.  The  jaws  should  be  narrow  and  lean  and 
not  too  close  together  in  front ;  the  nostrils  should 
be  wide  and  open,  and  of  a  bright  red  within ;  the 
muzzle  must  look  bright  and  foamy ;  the  tongue 
and  pahte  must  not  be  injured;  the  teeth  and 
gums  have  to  be  sound,  for  horse-dealers  frequently 
resort  to  tricks  in  order  to  turn  the  appearance  of 
these  parts  to  their  own  advantage.  By  knocking 
off  or  pulling  out  the  middle  four  milk  teeth,  two  in 
the  upper  and  two  in  the  lower  jaws,  horses  of  two 
years  old  may  be  made  to  appear  three  years  old, 
and  by  pulling  out  the  next  four  milk-teeth  horses  of 
three  years  may  be  made  to  appear  four  years  old. 
This  fraud  may  be  easily  discovered,  because  the 
milk-teeth  can 'never  be  pulled  out  entire  with  the 
root,  and  the  permanent  teeth  do  not  show  them- 
selves in  the  sockets  in  their  rudimentary  begin- 
nings, as  is  the  case  when  the  milk-teeth  are 
pushed  out  naturally  by  the  permanent  teeth.  On 


PRECAUTIONS  IN  BUYING  A  HORSE.      95 

the  other  hand,  cunning  dealers  know  how  to 
make  horses  of  twelve  years  old  appear  like 
horses  of  seven  or  eight,  by  filing  the  teeth  even, 
and  by  making  artificial  cavities  on  both  corners, 
and  frequently  also  on  the  middle  teeth,  and  after- 
wards imparting  to  them  a  natural  color  by  means 
of  the  nitrate  of  silver.  Lest  this  fraud  should  be 
discovered,  they  rub  the  mouth  of  the  horse  with 
salt,  in  order  to  render  a  careful  examination  of 
tfie  teeth  in  the  working  and  frothy  mouth  of  the 
horse  impossible. 

In  some  horses  the  teeth  always  indicate  an 
age  of  six  or  seven  years.  Such  horses  are  known 
by  the  upper  jaw  overhanging  the  lower  in  conse- 
quence ot  which  the  teeth  do  not  press  against 
and  cannot  be  rubbed  against  each  other,  and  the 
marks  do  not  become  effaced.  The  shape  and 
length  of  the  teeth  differ  materially  from  those  of 
a  horse  that  is  really  six  or  seven  years  old  ;  for 
in  old  horses  the  teeth  are  stronger,  rounder  and 
furrowed,  whereas,  in  young  horses,  they  are  flat- 
tened and  short.  After  this  the  horse  should  be 
taken  on  firm  ground,  and  a  careful  examination 
should  be  made,  whether  he  is  afflicted  with  any  of- 
the  defects  indicated,  or  whether  any  other  detects 
are  discoverable  ;  whether  the  tore  legs  are  too  close 
together  near  the  chest,  or  whether  the  feet  are 
turned  outwards  ;  whether  the  spring-joints  of  the 
hind  legs  are  not  too  much  curved,  and  whether 
the  fetlocks  are  not  generally  too  stiff  or  awk- 
ward ;  whether  the  hoof,  which  is  a  most  im- 
portant part  of  the  body  of  a  horse,  is  too  full,  too 
flat,  split,  contracted,  or  ulcerated,  all  of  which 
are  defects  that  may  have  very  unpleasant  conse- 
quences. Afterwards  the  horse  should  be  made 
to  walk  and  trot  with  a  view  to  observing  the 
character  of  his  movements,  whether  they  are 


96      PRECAUTIONS  IN  BUYING  A  HORSE. 

easy  or  limping,  whether  the  legs  are  moved  along 
in  regular  order,  the  horse  is  sprightly,  and 
whether  some  of  the  above  mentioned  defects  may 
perhaps  be  discovered  by  this  means.  Immedi- 
ately after  exercise,  the  horse  must  not  draw  breath 
with  widely  dilated  nostrils,  or  with  the  sides 
drawn  up,  or  moved  with  redoubled  quickness ; 
nor  must  he  cough  hard  or  hoarse,  as  if  the  air- 
passages  were  sore  or  inflamed,  or  as  if  he  would 
suffocate.  Such  a  condition  shows  that  the  lungs 
of  the  horse  are  diseased,  spasmodically  irritated, 
more  or  less  disorganized,  and  points  to  a  state  of 
things  termed  broken-winded. 

Moreover  the  whole  shape  of  the  horse  has  to 
be  considered,  inasmuch  as  the  price  of  the  horse 
depends  upon  it ;  in  this  respect  the  use  to  which  a 
horse  is  to  be  put  has  to  be  considered ;  for  agricul- 
tural purposes,  for  instance,  the  most  beautiful 
horse,  which  is  perfectly  free  from  fault,  but  skit- 
tish or  otherwise  intractable  may  be  useless. 

Finally,  we  have  to  mention  a  few  tricks  which 
are  frequently  resorted  to  by  horse-dealers  in  order 
to  facilitate  the  sale  of  a  horse.  These  tricks  are 
anglicising,  dressing ,  peppering  and  ipliipping  the 
horse.  By  anglicising  a  common  horse  he  is  made 
to  look  nobler,  for  by  bending  and  stiffening  his 
tail  the  pendent  quarters  and  hollow  back  become 
straighter,  the  slovenly  gait  is  steadied,  and  the 
horse  looks  more  sprightly. 

Dressing  the  feet,  manes,  and  particularly  the 
inner  ears,  is  a  great  means  of  embellishing  the 
horse ;  for  the  horse  seems  to  acquire  a  more  im- 
posing posture,  the  neck  looks  more  slender  and 
graceful,  the  hearing  becomes  more  acute,  the  an- 
imal is  more  attentive  to  everything  that  is  taking 
place  around  it,  and  the  pendulous  ears  look  more 
erect. 


PRECAUTIONS  IN  BUYING  A  HORSE      97 

By  inserting  a  few  grains  of  pepper  into  the 
anus  of  the  horse  shortly  before  an  examination, 
he  is  made  to  carry  his  tail  like  the  noblest  ani- 
mal, his  gait  is  more  nimble,  he  looks  sprightly, 
and  seems  more  valuable  than  a  common  horse. 

The  effect  of  the  whip  is  well  known,  and  is  par- 
ticularly useful  in  the  hands  of  an  experienced 
jockey.  In  purchasing  a  horse,  this  point  is  to  be 
well  considered  lest  we  should  pay  for  an  apparent 
value  which  would  disappear  again  sooner  or  later 
and  leave  us  to  regret  our  money.  Hence  I  advise 
those  who  do  not  understand  this  business  to  con- 
sult an  experienced  and  trustworthy  friend  instead 
of  depending  upon  their  own  judgment  in  such  a 
dubious  matter. 


SHOEING, 

Improper  shoeing  is  very  often  the  cause  of  a 
defect  in  the  hoof.  It  is  of  particular  importance 
that  the  sides  should  not  be  rasped  off  too  much 
or  that  the  sole  should  not  be  cut  out  too  much, 
nor  that  the  shoes  should  be  burnt  on  too  contin- 
uously, as  shoe-smiths  are  too  much  in  the  habit 
of  doing.  The  shoe  must  neither  be  too  heavy 
nor  too  coarse ;  they  ought  to  be  of  equal  thick- 
ness and  be  applied  equally  to  the  horny  part  of 
the  hoof.  There  are  several  methods  of  shoeing, 
and  every  one  prefers  his  own  method  to  any 
other  ;  but  it  is  evident  that  no  general  rules  for 
shoeing  can  be  laid  down,  but  that  the  method  of 
shoeing  depends  upon  the  shape  and  condition  of 
the  hoof,  upon  its  defects,  upon  the  posture  and 
movements  of  the  horse,  upon  the  uses  to  which 


98      PRECAUTIONS  IN  BUYING  A  HORSE. 

he  is  put,  and  upon  the  character  of  the  ground 
where  he  is  to  be  used.  This  shows  that  a  good 
horse-smith  will  not  allow  himself  to  be  guided 
by  one  particular  method,  but  by  his  own  sound 
judgment  and  by  his  knowledge  of  the  correct 
porportions  and  conditions  of  a  hoof ;  he  ought  to 
be  well  acquainted  with  the  forging  and  turning 
of  the  shoe,  impart  a  proper  shape  to  the  hoof 
when  cutting  it,  and  apply  and  fasten  the  hoof 
with  correctness  and  discrimination. 


CERTIFICATES. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  May  20,  1868. 
This   may  certify  that  we  have  employed  Dr. 
Cooper,  Homoeopathic  Veterinary  Surgeon  of  this 
•    city,  in  treating  our  horses,  suffering  with  various 
diseases  ;  such  as  lung  fever,  sore  throat,  conges- 
tion, colic,  gripes  and  lameness  of  all  kinds,  with 
marked  success,  and  we  cheerfully  recommend  Dr. 
Cooper  to  the  public,  believing  his  treatment  far 
superior  to  any  other  veterinary  treatment  known. 
R.  &  J.  MORTON,  Truckmen. 

N.  B. — Messrs.  Morton,  it  is  well  known,  are 
very  extensively  interested  in  the  most  valuable 
horses  in  San  Francisco,  and  they  have  spared 
no  expense  to  know  the  best  treatment  for  their 
horses  when  sick. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  May  22, 1868. 

This  is  to   certify  that  we  have  employed  Dr. 

Cooper,  Homoeopathic  Veterinary  Surgeon  of  this 

city,  for  treating  various  diseases  for  a  number  of 

our  horses.     We  are  much  pleased  with  the  Ho- 

j 


100  CERTIFICATES. 

mceopathic  treatment  for  horses.  We  therefore 
recommend  Dr.  Cooper  to  all  who  desire  a  safe 
and  speedy  treatment  for  their  horses. 

GEO.  P.  KlMBALL, 

Carriage  Manufacturer. 

WILKINS  &  FOYE, 
National  Flouring  Mills  Truckmen. 
RIDER,  SOMERS  &  Co., 

Hay  Dealers. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  May  21, 1868. 
DR.  COOPEB — Sir  :  In  reply  to  your  enquiry  con- 
cerning the  Homoeopathic  Veterinary  Treatment 
that  we  have  received  at  your  hands,  we  most 
willingly  say,  has  been  entirely  satisfactory.  We 
would  further  state  that  the  cases  you  have 
treated  for  us  were  difficult  ones,  and  were  consid- 
ered incurable  by  all  who  saw  them,  but  they 
promptly  yielded  to  your  excellent  treatment,  and 
we  do  cheerfully  recommend  you  to  all  who  may 
have  occasion  to  employ  a  skillful  veterinary  sur- 
geon. 

J.  B.  HOLMES  &  Co., 
Hay  Dealers,  Market  Street. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  May  3, 1868. 
Homoeopathic  treatment.  During  the  three  years 
past  Dr.  Cooper  has  treated  for  me  several  horses 
having  different  complaints,  such  as  sprains, 
cramps,  etc.,  with  marked  success.  On  one  occa- 
sion my  horse  was  attacked  with  lockjaw,  caused 
by  picking  up  a  nail  in  the  foot ;  six  hours  after 
Dr.  Cooper's  medicine  brought  relief,  and  in  three 
days  the  horse  was  able  to  perform  his  regular 
day's  work.  I  have  every  confidence  in  Dr.  Cooper 


CERTIFICATES.  101 

as  a  veterinary  surgeon,  and  cheerfully  recom- 
mend him  and  his  mode  of  treatment,  to  any  per- 
son who  may  have  a  horse  requiring  the  care  of  a 
skillful  physician. 

JNO.  S.  GODSOE, 
Mission  Street  Wharf. 


To  THE  PUBLIC. — This  may  certify  that  I  have 
employed  Dr.  Cooper,  veterinary  surgeon,  and 
his  homoeopathic  treatment  for  my  cows  and 
horses.  I  have  saved  a  number  of  valuable  cows 
with  Dr.  Cooper's  medicines  that  it  did  not  seem 
possible  could  live  through  the  night.  But  I  gave 
the  medicines  promptly  as  directed,  and  the  cows 
were  speedily  cured.  The  treatment  has  been 
equally  successful  with  our  horses.  We  can 
recommend  Dr.  Cooper's  treatment,  to  all  dairy- 
men especially,  believing  it  the  best  treatment 
known. 

M.  M.  COOK. 
Milk  Ranch  near  Lone  Mountain. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  May  21st.  1868. 
This  may  certify  that  I  have  been  using  almost 
daily,  for  the  past  six  months,  Dr.  Cooper's  homoe- 
opathic veterinary  medicines,  being  foreman  in 
my  brother's  stables  on  Ellis  St.,  containing  about 
one  hundred  and  twenty  horses.  The  most  of 
these  horses  being  very  large  truck  horses,  and 
subjected  to  the  very  hardest  kind  of  labor,  are 
consequently  much  liable  to  accidents  and  disease. 
All  the  veterinary  surgeon  in  the  city,  of  any 
note,  have  been  employed  in  these  stables.  We 
consider  and  prefer  Dr.  Cooper's  treatment  as  far 


102  CERTIFICATES. 


superior  to  all  others,  and  do  most  cheerfully 
recommend  it  to  all  who  can  appreciate  a  most 
valuable  treatment. 

DANIEL  L.  MORTON. 


1 

This  is  to  certify  that  we  have  employed  Dr. 
Cooper,  veterinary  surgeon,  in  treating  our  horses 
suffering  with  various  diseases,  and  one  a  bad 
case  of  lock-jaw,  which  was  promptly  cured.  We 
are  much  pleased  with  Dr.  Cooper's  homoeopathic 
veterinary  treatment,  and  most  cheerfully  recom- 
mend him  to  those  who  may  have  occasion  to 
employ  a  veterinary  surgeon. 

J.  COBBLEDICK, 

(Of  the  firm  of  Meeker,  James  &  Co.) 
Pine  St.,  San  Francisco. 


During  the  last  four  years,  Dr.  Cooper,  veterinary 
homoeopathic  surgeon  of  this  city,  has  treated  for 
me  a  number  of  horses  suffering  from  various  dis- 
eases, with  perfect  success  in  every  case,  and  one 
case  in  particular  I  will  mention.  It  was  one  of  the 
largest  and  most  valuable  horses  in  San  Francisco 
at  that  time,  well  known  by  his  name,  "Old  Abe." 
He  was  attacked  very  violently  with  a  complica- 
tion of  diseases :  sore  throat,  Hung  fever,  and 
inflammation  of  the  kidneys.  He  was  the  sickest 
horse  that  I  ever  saw,  and  all  who  saw  him  said  he 
could  not  live.  I  consulted  a  number  of  horse 
doctors,  but  could  not  get  any  encouragement  from 
them.  I  was  then  recommended  to  go  to  Dr. 
Cooper.  I  saw  him,  and  he  examined  my  horse 
and  told  me  he  could  cure  him,  and  commenced 
his  treatment  immediately.  I  saw  the  horse  every 
day,  but  I  had  no  hopes  of  him,  nor  had  many 


CERTIFICATES.  103 

others  who  were  watching  the  Dr.'s  new  treat- 
ment for  three  or  four  days.  But  the  Doctor 
declared  from  the  first  to  the  last,  that  he  would 
cure  the  horse,  and  he  was  true  to  his  word.  Just 
fourteen  days  from  the  day  the  treatment  was 
commenced,  the  horse  was  delivered  up  to  me  per- 
fectly cured,  and  never  lost  a  day  for  more  than 
two  years.  We  consider  Dr.  Cooper's  mode  of 
treating  horses,  far  superior  to  all  other  treatments 
known,  and  cheerfully  recommend  it  to  all  who 
desire  to  avail  themselves  of  the  best  veterinary 
treatment. 

E.  B.  KINGSLEY, 
Truckman  for  Meeker,  James  &  Co.,  San  Francisco. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  May  20,  1868. 
For  the  last  three  or  four  years,  Dr.  Cooper  has 
treated  a  number  of  sick  horses  for  me,  with  his 
homoeopathic  veterinary  .  treatment,  with  good 
success.  Also  for  many  others  stopping  at  my 
stables.  We  have  been  much  pleased  with  this 
mode  of  veterinary,  and  believe  it  to  be  the  safest 
and  best  treatment  for  horses,  now  in  use. 

ROE  ALLEN, 
Market  Street  Stables. 


LIBRARY 

UNIVERSITY  OF 

\LIFORNIA. 


U.C.  BERKELEY  LIBRARIES 


C03123TM72 


H13? 


£176 


THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 


